Qantas Case Study Organizational structure - Leadership - Strategies

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Structure for Qantas Case Study. Answer: Introduction Organization structure, company marketing strategies and leadership styles are very fundamental in determining the success of the company. By setting up the accommodative structure and possible strategies with effective leadership, organizations find it easy to succeed in their activities( Tran Tian, 2013).However, for this to be applicable, the organization needs to have a clear understanding of its objectives, goals, and mission(Agbim, 2013). This ensures that the continuity of the company services and programs both in the short run and in the long run. For effective and comprehensive investigation of these aspects, the paper uses the case study of Qantas Airways Limited. Qantas in one of the largest airline companies operating in Australian and in the international markets. Qantas is the best example of the company with effective structure, strategies and leadership styles that have facilitated the expansion of its operations in the global markets. Throughout the report, the pape r discusses the company structure, leadership style, and strategies. Qantas Airways Limited Overview Qantas Airways is the leading airline company in the Asia-Pacific region. Additionally, it falls into the category of the ten largest airline companies in the world. Qantas has more than eighty-one connections with over forty destinations globally. The company engages in extensive local airline services both Australia and New Zealand. Qantas together with its subsidiary companies serves more than thirty million customers in a year. Again, it is the member of the global airline alliance where it is the largest shareholder with eighty percent interest(Advameg Inc., 2016). The company services include loyalty programs, freight services, and corporate services. The company employees range over 28,000 people globally. Qantas global airline service is quite dominant in Asia and New Zealand. However, the company services are also present in the United Kingdom and the Unites States of America. The company operations have been divided into various major brands that include: Qantas: This brand operates both in Australian and international flights. Its airline services comprise of customer operations and marketing. The brands falling under this class include Qantas' local network and Qantas link. Jestar: This brand operates across the routes in Australia, Japan, and Asia. This segment comprises of Jester Japan, Jester Pacific, and Jester Asia. Qantas Freight: This brand includes Qantas air cargo and business flight services that operate within the Qantas Freight, Star Express brands, and Australian Air Express. Qantas Organizational Structure Organization structure is very crucial in determining how responsibilities, power, and roles are allocated, monitored and coordinated(Al-Qatawneh, 2014). Alternatively, it provides a mechanism for the flow of the information in all levels of the management(Martinelli, 2010). However, the organization structure majorly depends on the company strategies and objectives(Mintzberg, 2009). The commonly used forms organizational are either centralized or decentralized structures. Similarly, Qantas has either adopted centralized or decentralized structure. The Qantas organizational structure comprises the aspects of both centralized and decentralized organization structure. The company comprises of the various subsidiaries headed by different executives who have been bestowed with authority, roles, and responsibilities to be exercised under the area of their operations. Alternatively, the company employees have been arranged in a manner that the execution of their duties is in line with the company goals and objectives. The company management is based on two distinct businesses, Qantas Domestic and Qantas International with each business being managed by its chief executive officer. Additionally, the two business divisions have their commercial and operational functions. This structure has been adopted as the way of focusing on the company strategies of transforming the Qantas International business as well as improving the Qantas Domestic business. From the analysis of the nature of Qantas organization structure, it is clear that the company has adopted matrix type of structure. The top most company management comprises of the members of the corporate governance as well as an executive top management team. The highest level of management is responsible for establishing practices and policies to be adopted and implemented throughout the organization. Below the top leadership, there are various departments such as administrative management, commercial business administration, project management and functional management. All these departments work with the various team to ensure the organization goals and objectives are achieved. Qantas Airline Leadership Style Organizational leadership style is paramount in determining the organization direction and success(Jaroslav, 2013). As noted by Bhatti, Maitlo, Shaikh, Hashmi, Shaikh (2012) leadership style is one of the effective organization management aspects in motivating the employees as well as implementing the organization strategies and plans. Some of the leadership styles commonly used in the organizations include authoritarian, participative and delegation styles. Authoritarian style entails the manager ordering the people to do what is expected of them without seeking their advice first. On the hand side, participative or democratic style involves the leader including the employees in the decision-making process. However, the leader has the final decision but most of the times take into consideration the opinions and views of the employees(Koech Namusonge, 2012). Delegative leadership style permits the employees to make decisions on their own. However, it should be noted that under dele gation style the leader is responsible for the decisions made by the employees. Qantas Airline seems to largely accommodate all the aspects of the leadership styles in the management of the company operations and activities. The top company management has been very critical when handling the management of the diverse cultures of employees as well when reviewing the views of the shareholders. Therefore, this has called for the company to be rational when making its decisions or else it may result in conflicts with both the stockholders and the employees. However, there are some scenarios where the company has turned out to be authoritative. This has led to making the decisions which from the employees and trade unions perspective are not favorable. Similarly, the decisions have resulted to criticisms from various stakeholders including loyal customers and industry experts. For example, the company closure of the Singapore was countered with a lot of criticisms from the stakeholders. Many argued that the chief executive officer decision was more of authoritative t han democratic(The Conversation, 2014). This scenario portrays Qantas applicability of authoritative leadership style. However, despite the management being authoritative it also portrays some attributes of participative and delegates leadership styles. According to Stribling (2013) Qantas leadership style is also found on the following elements: Vision: The management of the company understood that for the team to be effective, it must have vision. To enable this, the Qantas top management leadership is based on providing direction, strategy, and vision to support the company employees in execution of the tasks. Diverse Management Team: Qantas management comprises of individuals from different fields. The company diverse team offers a variety of skills, education, and views are essential for enhancing the Qantas management. Again, given the fact that the management team is from different disciplines they provide various leadership traits needed to make the management of the company effective. Seeking opinion from Employees: Employees in the organization can be the source of very crucial information during the decision-making process within the organization(Bhatti, Maitlo, Shaikh, Hashmi, Shaikh, 2012). This is because they are involved in the company activities on a daily basis and thus they can learn and observe the organization progress. Qantas Airline has recognized the importance of employee information and hence top management always consults them when making decisions. Agbim (2013) argued that this does not only help by involving the employees in the decision-making process but also helps in encouraging and motivating them. Collaborative: Qantas management believes that the leaders should be open, honest and collaborative. With this technique in leadership, the employees feel motivated and thus work towards achieving the organization targeted goals and objectives. Qantas Airline Marketing Strategies An effective business strategy should conform to the company vision and mission(Lynn, 2011). Similarly, it acts as the roadmap of aiding the company to achieve its objectives. The company establishes various strategies depending on the nature of the problem it aims to address. Some of the companies apply different strategies both in at domestic business entities as well in the international operations. Similarly, Qantas Airline has had strategies both for the Australian market and foreign markets. Qantas Airline Australian and Oversee Marketing Strategies Qantas has continued to maintain its competitive marketing strategies even though it is facing stiff competition from airline operators such as Virgin Airline(Mason, 2014). Despite the stiff competition, the company has consistently continued to apply its price war marketing strategy. Qantas targets the Australian low-cost customers whereby it has effectively and successfully outperformed its competitors. Again, Qantas applies the concept of portfolio diversification to increase the base of its domestic customers as well as in the international markets(McGowan, 2006). This has resulted in increasing the company growth opportunities in the local market. Other strategies that the company has applied to its marketing activities are as briefly discussed below: Cost Efficiencies: The main goal of each company is to reduce the cost to the lowest level as possible and at the same time improve the organization profit margins(Karakaya, Badur, Aytekin, 2011). This strategy has been majorly adopted by the companies as the marketing technique( Kotler, Bowen, Makens, 2006). This is because the company profitability is one of the strong competitive advantages the firm can use to outdo its competitors in the market. Likewise, Qantas has realized the importance cost efficiency and thus has applied it to penetrate both domestic and international markets. Segmentation of the Brands: Qantas has divided the company flying business into various brands. This enables the company to cater to the needs of several customers. For example, through this strategy the company has been able to cater to the needs of the different categories customers such as corporates, leisure travelers, and business travels. Expansion to less Airline Dominated Region: The expansion of the companies to regions such as Asia has helped the company to establish in the new regions before the entry of the new players. For example, the expansion of the company operations into Asia has helped the company to claim a relatively large market share than its competitors. Comments on Company Structure and Strategies An effective organization structure should aid the organization to establish suitable strategies in its roadmap to achieve the mission, vision, and objectives of the company. Qantas has had strong organization structure which seems to cater for the interests of each stakeholder. This has been effectively achieved by the management adopting a combination of leadership styles. Through the integration of the aspects of the various leadership styles, the leaders have been able to act situationally to address the problem at hand. Therefore, this paper comments that the company leadership has been transformational and situational and thus it is an effective leadership style. This can be evidenced by the company success in the industry both in the domestic and in the global market. From the analysis of the company marketing strategies it has come out clearly that different natures of business should adopt different marketing strategies. Qantas Airline seems to have applied the right and suitable strategies. This can be attributable to the company success both in the domestic and international market. By the adoption of these strategies, Qantas has been able to claim a significant percentage of market share. Therefore, this paper concludes that the company has applied effective marketing strategies. This why the company has been able to dominate both domestic and global markets. Conclusion Organization structure, leadership style and the marketing strategies are fundamental aspects in the success of the organization. The companies that adopt these concepts effectively are deemed to have smooth running both in their industries and markets. Qantas Airline has been able to realize success by putting these aspects into consideration. The structure helps the organization to allocate resources and delegate duties effectively for effective decision making. On the other side, leadership style provides the direction of the organization. Finally, the marketing strategies determine the profitability of the business as well as the competitive advantage of the company. References Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T., Makens, J. C. (2006). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Tran, Q., Tian, Y. (2013). Organizational Structure: Influencing Factors and Impact on a Firm. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3(2), 229-236. Advameg Inc. (2016, April 22). Qantas Airways Ltd. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Qantas Airways Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.referenceforbusiness.com: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/40/Qantas-Airways-Ltd.html Agbim, K. C. (2013). The Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership Styles on Innovation. Journal of Business and Management, 6(6), 56-63. Al-Qatawneh, M. I. (2014). The Impact of Organizational Structure on Organizational Commitment: A Comparison between Public and Private Sector Firms in Jordan. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(12), 30-37. Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G. M., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M. A., Shaikh, F. M. (2012). The Impact of Autocratic and Democratic Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction. International Business Research, 5(2), 192-201. Jaroslav, B. (2013). The Leadership Style and the Productiveness of Employees in the Banking Sector in Slovakia. Journal of Competitiveness, 5(1), 39-52. Karakaya, ., Badur, B., Aytekin, C. (2011). Analyzing the Effectiveness of Marketing Strategies in the Presence of Word of Mouth: Agent-Based Modeling Approach. Journal of Marketing Research and Case Studies, 11(3), 1-17. Koech, P. M., Namusonge, G. S. (2012). The Effect of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance at State Corporations in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 2(1), 1-12. Lynn, M. (2011). Segmenting and Targeting Your Market: Strategies and Limitations. School of Hotel Administration Collection, 353-369. Martinelli, P. D. (2010). Systems Hierarchies and Management, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 18(1), 68-82. Mason, M. (2014, May 21). The Virgin battle is testing Qantas' domestic Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au: https://www.smh.com.au/business/aviation/virgin-battle-testing-qantas-domestic-strategy-20140521-38nh9.html McGowan, A. (2006). Inquiry to Australia's Service Industries. NSW: Qantas Airway Limited. Mintzberg, H. (2009). The Structuring of Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Stribling, J. (2013, October 10). Seven tips on being a great leader from Qantas' Alan Joyce. Retrieved from https://www.jonstribling.com: https://www.jonstribling.com/7-leadership-tips-from-alan-joyce/ The Conversation. (2014, September 1). Qantas turn-around is Alan Joyce, the right leader for the job? Retrieved from https://theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/qantas-turn-around-is-alan-joyce-the-right-leader-for-the-job-31051

Tsingtao Beer

Executive Summary Tsingtao’s entry to the Thai market requires a robust project management approach. The project scope includes construction of a beer brewery, and establishing a value chain in Thailand. The technical requirements for the project include the construction of a brewery that can produce three million bottles of liquor monthly.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Tsingtao Beer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The systems needed for the success of the project includes a change management system, and Project Management Office (PMO), and a risk management system. The project manager is a senior vice president of Tsingtao Beer. The project management team reports directly to the board. The main risks associated with the project arise from Tsingtao’s limited understanding of the business environment in Thailand. Tsingtao Beer Project Plan The Tsingtao Beer company is in the process of expan ding its overseas operations to create new markets for its products. This document examines various aspects of the project plan developed to ensure the success of the new venture. The issues covered in this plan range from the work breakdown structure to project management tools and approaches used in the project. Scale and Scope of Project This project relates to the construction of the facilities for use in beer production in Thailand. A business development team from Tsingtao’s headquarters in Beijing will handle the commercial aspects of the project. The project objectives are as follows. Project Objectives The three objectives of this project are as follows. The first objective of the project is to construct an operational brewery in Thailand with the capacity to handle the demands of Thai Consumers as well as to provide products for distribution in nearby markets. The second objective of the project is to make preliminary business plans for the operations of the brewer y. Major Deliverables Based on these objectives the list below provides the project deliverables associated with the project. A fully functional beer brewery in Bangkok Signed service and maintenance contracts with suppliers Product supply contracts with rice farmers A marketing strategy Licenses, permits and regulatory approvals necessary for brewing operations in Thailand Milestones Table 1 below presents the milestones associated with the projectAdvertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Milestone Indicators Completion of the construction of the brewery in Bangkok This includes the civil works, electrical works, plumbing, construction of access roads and parking areas, and installation of equipment in the brewery Signing of service and maintenance contracts with service providers The company will sign supply contracts with an electrical engineering firm to provide co nsultancy on the electrical design of the facility. It also needs contracts with equipment manufacturers to supply and maintain beer-manufacturing equipment. In addition, the company will require contracts with utility providers such as phone companies, internet service providers as well as the region’s water company. Signing of supply contracts with rice farmers The company should sign sufficient contracts to assure it of a regular supply of rice for the production of beer Completion of the development of a marketing strategy Tsingtao must identify the market segments in Thailand’s beer market. In addition, the company needs a detailed understanding of the competitive environment to develop an effective market entry strategy. Obtaining all licenses, permits and regulatory approvals The company needs several licenses and permits to deliver on the project. It needs a permit from Thailand’s environmental agency as well as construction permits from local auth orities. The company also needs a liquor-trading license as well as a business license to operate legally in Thailand. Table 1: Milestones and Related Indicators Technical Requirements The technical requirements for this project are as follows. First, the project should deliver a brewery with a production capacity of three million bottles per month. The brewery should have the capacity to store up to three months supply of rice to avert any supply shortages. The third technical requirement is that the water supply must be at least one hundred thousand cubic litres per day to support brewing operations. Electricity supply should be three-phase at 415 volts. Speculative Work Breakdown Structure The speculative work breakdown structure for this project is as follows. 1. Brewery construction 1.1 Architectural planning 1.2 Land surveyAdvertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Tsingtao Beer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e 1.3 Obtaining of construction permits and regulatory approvals Obtaining construction permits Obtaining permits from the environmental management authority 1.4 Retaining contractors Retaining architectural contractor Retaining of electrical engineering contractor Retaining of mechanical engineering contractor Retaining of civil engineering contractor 1.5 Construction phase Construction of foundations Constructions of external and partitioning walls Roofing Installation of brewing equipment Interior design 1.6 Handover of construction project to the company 2. Marketing strategy development 2.1 Marketing research 2.2 Market analysisAdvertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2.3 Market segmentation Identification of market segments Choice of market segments to serve 2.4 Branding decisions 2.5 Development of marketing objectives 2.6 Action plan 3. Business process contracts 3.1 Identifications of rice suppliers Prequalification of suppliers by projected volume of production Prequalification based on the quality of rice produced Qualification of suppliers Signing of supply contracts 3.2 Identification of product distributors 3.3 Obtaining trade licenses from government Obtaining general trade licenses 3.4 Obtaining permits from alcohol regulators Obtaining of liquor trading licenses 3.5 Environmental assessment Retaining an environmental consultant to conduct an environmental audit Presentation of report to environmental authority for approval 3.6 Identification of service contractors Identification of electrical engineering services contractor Identification of mechanical engineering service contractor Systems to Ensure Project Success The sy stems needed for the success of this project are as follows. The Project Management Office (PMO) Tsingtao usually implements various projects concurrently. Usually these projects relate to marketing, product development and streamlining of business process. Tsingtao found it wise to establish a full time PMO to handle project management functions in the company. The PMO will provide the project management team in charge of the Thai expansion project with decision support and oversight to ensure that it meets all the required project management standards. Change Management System Change management is a vital part of project management. The change management system for this project has three aspects. First, it handles the chance that a senior project manager may leave the company at a critical stage of the process. The strategy in place is to ensure that every senior project manager shares responsibilities with a highly capable assistant who can provide continuity in case of staff cha nges. Secondly, the company has retained lawyers in Thailand to keep an eye on the legal environment to ensure that Tsingtao enjoys the benefits provided by any new laws affecting foreign investments, and avoids the pitfalls associated with business in Thailand. The third aspect of Tsingtao’s change management strategy is keeping an eye on the business aspects of the project. This includes observing changes in the tastes and preferences of the Thai consumers as well as the availability of supplies. Project Control System The project control system in place has two main aspects. First, the company gave sufficient space to the project management team to handle all issues relating to this project. This team reports directly to the board of Tsingtao. Secondly, the PMO and the Internal Audit Department of Tsingtao provide immediate oversight of the activities of the project management team. Reports by the PMO and the Internal Audit Department form the basis of discussions of the p roject management team’s activities at the board. Risk Management System One of the main duties of the project manager is to keep track of risks that may affect the project The project management team has a risk matrix that forms the basis for risk identification and management. This risk matrix makes it easy for the project management team to identify risks to the project through regular reviews. Every week, the project manager submits a report that contains a risk appraisal of the project based on the risk matrix developed for this project. Project Collaboration One of the biggest challenges that every organization faces when it comes to project management is how to achieve collaboration across various business units. The nature of projects is that they usually require the input of various departments in ways that do not conform to the established organizational structure. A project management committee can function as a separate organization within the organization. In ord er to reduce the risk of dysfunction in Tsingtao’s Thailand project, the company took the following measures. First, the company assigned one of the senior vice presidents the role of project manager for the Thailand project. This VP will be the first president of the Tsingtao’s’ Thailand brewery. The Board felt that making this VP the project manager would give him the opportunity to understand the Thai business environment. Secondly, the board decided to reduce red tape in decision making by making the project management team directly answerable to the board. This makes it easy for the team to make decisions independently away from the bureaucratic processes that plagues many business decisions The board only tracks the overall performance of the team in regards to the objectives of the project. The third aspect of this project is that the board enlisted the help of the Internal Audit Department to keep an eye on the expenses of the project. However, the audit team can query expenses that fall out of expectations. The Internal Audit Department, then reports its findings to the board for further action. The PMO on the other hand analyses all reports presented by the project manager on behalf of the board. The board then makes decisions based on the reports presented by the PMO and the Internal Audit Department. Role of Organizational Culture in Project Success The organizational culture of Tsingtao is playing a very important part in the development of this project. Internally, Tsingtao has a global mindset because of its international clientele. Tsingtao works well with people from other cultures in its marketing chain. The company’s German heritage gave it an international focus on business. The company does not look at itself as a Chinese company, but as a brewery operating in China. This explains the decision by the board to move some operations to Thailand in order to serve its customers better. Despite the internal perception of the company’s identity, the company operates within a Chinese cultural context. One of the visible impacts of Chinese culture in the operations of the project management committee is the choice of the senior VP to head the Thai project. The Chinese culture stresses seniority when it comes to promotions and during hiring. In addition, staff members hold seniors in high regard because of the cultural heritage of the Chinese people. The board is sure that the senior VP will have complete control over the project because of the respect the other project team members accord him. In addition to these cultural aspects, the Chinese power structure usually works around centralised controls. The senior VP is an organizational insider. The board is therefore comfortable with him at the helm of the new operation. The Iron Triangle The success of this project depends on the ability of the project team to deliver it within the scope, cost, and schedule. The scope of the project is non- negotiable. The project management team must deliver the project exactly as designed for it to meet the project’s objectives. On the question of cost, the team can find cost effective options in the design of some aspects of the project. For instance, the project management committee can find large rice suppliers and sign supply contracts with fewer people. This option will save on the cost of organizing large-scale meetings with many smallholders. However, the company will need time to find these cost effective options. The schedule of the project is flexible and is not entirely in the hands of the project committee. For instance, the company cannot force the Thai authorities to process permits faster than usual. The company must wait for the authorities to act. ICT Resources Assessment The three main types of ICT resources useful to this project include project management software, teleconferencing facilities, and internet banking. The project committee needs project manage ment software to schedule tasks and to keep track of progress. The project can also benefit from collaboration software to ensure the team is in touch at all times. This will cut the costs of physical meetings and will save time. The project management team and the board can have meetings via teleconferencing facilities. This will cut out the need to travel between Thailand and China for board meetings. This will also save on time and cost for the project. Thirdly, the project management team will benefit from the internet banking facilities because of the need to transfer funds between China and Thailand to finance the operations of the project. Currently, there are many options available for international funds transfer. Some of these options require regulatory approval. Retrospective Project Plan The diagram below shows that network diagram and the critical path for this project. Figure 1: Network Diagram The tasks, detailed in the network diagram are as follows. The tasks liste d in red show the critical path of the project. Start Architectural planning Land survey Obtaining of construction permits and regulatory approvals Retaining contractors Construction phase Market analysis Market segmentation Branding decisions Development of marketing objectives Action plan Identifications of rice suppliers Identification of product distributors Obtaining trade licenses from government Obtaining permits from alcohol regulators Environmental assessment Identification of service contractors Handover of construction project to the company Marketing research End Risk Management Plan Risk Identification Risk Assessment Risk Control Strategy Risk Communication Cost risks Project costs exceed projected budgets The Internal Audit Department informs project team of cost overruns Strict budgeting practices Careful monitoring of expenses Internal Audit Department to send audit reports to project teams at least weekly Project team to communicate any projected overr uns to the Internal Audit Department and the Board. The arising of unplanned expenses The project management team finds required expenses that are not included in the project budget Project team carries out projections to determine beforehand the risk of such expenses arising Project team communicates to board for approval of funds Project team communicates with the Internal Audit Department on risk Schedule risks Delays in licensing Project team finds out in the field that licensing takes longer than planned Find out from chambers of commerce, and from other Chinese firms in Thailand how long it takes to process licenses Project Teams to communicate risk to board Delays in funds transfer Delays caused by regulators to approve the transfer of funds to Thailand Apply for all necessary approvals in advance Communicate to the board need to early application for funds transfer approvals Delays in delivery of project components by contractors Contractor reports to projec t team about delays in delivery of the project Allow delays in the project plan deliberately so that slack covers any delays Carefully track the critical path Project team to communicate to the board about any delays Scope risks Need to expand scope of works to cover unforeseen construction needs Project team receives reports from contractors about the need to expand the scope of works Carry out evaluations of all processes to identify any emerging risks Communicate to board any projected expansions in scope of works Table 2: Risk Management Plan Evaluation of Project Tools and Methods The following table summarises various project management tools and methods, alongside their benefits to this project. Tools and Methods Benefits to the Project Microsoft Project Software Microsoft Project is beneficial in project scheduling and monitoring. It is also beneficial in resource planning and tracking. It also helps in the development of Gantt charts and network diagram s. PMO The PMO will help in the maintenance of project standards Work Breakdown Structure The Work Breakdown Structure lists all the lowest independently manageable tasks required to deliver the project. Iron Diagram This diagram is useful in conceptualizing and managing project constraints Risk Management Matrix The Risk Management Matrix helps in risk identification and in developing a risk management strategy. Network Diagram The Network Diagram is useful for showing how tasks relate to each other and in identifying the critical path of a project Table 3 Assessment of project management tools and methods Conclusion This success of the Tsingtao project in Thailand will depend on the use of robust project management tools and methods. The project enjoys strong support from the Tsingtao board, which is a critical requirement for the success of any project. However, the project will require careful implementation because of uncertainties inherent in establishing a new business in an unfamiliar business environment. Reference List Ali, D Al-Aali 2011, Strategic Management, Pearson Inc., New York. Arson, EW Gray, CF 2011, Project Management: The Managerial Process, McGraw Hill International, New York, NY. Chow, GC 2007, China’s Economic Transformation, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Chumo, L 2011, Financial Risk: Key Fundametals and Case Studies, Strathmore University Press, Nairobi. Cole, GA 2003, Strategic Management, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Dixon, DR 1999, ‘The Behavioral Side of Information Technology’, International Journal of Medical Informatics, vol 56, no. 10, pp. 117-123. Hill, C Jones, GR 2009, Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach : Theory, Cengage Learning, Mason OH. Holmes, D 2005, Communication Theory: Media, Technology, and Society, SAGE, London, UK. Kerzner, H 2010, Project Management : Best Practices – Achieving Global Excellence (2nd Edition), Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Klastorin, T 2003, Project Management: Tools and Trade-offs , Wiley, New York. Meredeth, JR Mantel, SJ 2011, Project Management: A Managerial Approach, 8th edn, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Phillips, J 2010, IT Project Management, McGraw Hill Professional, New York. Pratali, P 2003, ‘Strategic Management of Technological Innovations in the Small to Medium Enterprise’, European Journal of Innovation Management, vol 6, no. 1, pp. 18-31. Walker, DM, Walker, TD Schmitz, JT 2003, Doing Business Internationally: The Guide to Cross-Cultural Success, McGraw-Hill Professional, New York, NY. Zhu, Z 2010, China’s New Diplomacy: Rationale, Strategies and Significance, Ashgate Publishing, Burlington, VT. This coursework on Tsingtao Beer was written and submitted by user Analia Boyer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Find Anchor Clients and Earn a Consistent Income

How to Find Anchor Clients and Earn a Consistent Income Still, few would argue that scouring job boards weekly, bidding for gigs, and pitching editors and potential clients can be time consuming. And time is money. For this reason, your goal in 2013 should be to add more Anchor Clients to your roster.  What are Anchor Clients? Anchor clients are businesses or individuals with whom you have an ongoing relationship and a steady flow of projects and income. This would be in contrast to those for whom you perform an occasional task, or one time, with no repeat work.  Anchor Clients benefit your business in three major ways:  1. They help to break the feast or famine cycle of sporadic income. Having them allows you to plan better, Though these types of clients come in as many shapes and forms as freelance writing itself, here are a few common ones I’ve garnered over the years. And with a little creativity, you can too.  Client type:Businesses with blogs that need updated content  Strategy:Blogs are the new black. Over the last few years, I have crafted posts for companies (seeking greater visibility and a broader customer base), ranging from $50 to $100 per blog post. The vast majority of these listings were found

How to Meet People in College Without Being Creepy

How to Meet People in College Without Being Creepy Right, so this article is going to teach you how to mix and mingle with the best of’em without coming across like a creep. Below you’ll find 7 chunks of information that will put things in perspective and give you an edge. Dive in and take notes if you have to because these are some serious social gems! 1. Let Go Next time you’re at some sort of function, let go of any social anxiety/insecurity. Simply decide not to care what other people may or may not be thinking about you. Be like a child in that respect. This doesn’t mean you don’t care what you look like and how you act, it just means you won’t waste time around others being overly analytical or introspective. You know what, we all find that really attractive. You’ll naturally meet a fair amount of people. They’ll come up to you and want to know more about you because at the end of the day they’ll hope you rub some of that nonchalant attitude off on them. 2. Think Inbound For the next ten mornings, before you head out ask yourself this question and then be perfectly honest: â€Å"What can I do to make myself more meet-able?† And no, it doesn’t have much to do with looking perfect. I mean, why do you typically approach people, ask them their name and want to get to know them? If absolutely no one ever approaches you, ask yourself why. Typically it all comes down to your attitude. Part of being attractive, or compelling to others is not being Depressed Dennis or Negative Nancy. Be happy and wear a smile on your face! 3. Be Where the People Are Silly It’s hard to meet people when you spend 80% of your time alone in your room, and the other 20% either eating somewhere or in class. Furthermore, if this is your lifestyle you’re bound to have some â€Å"issues† with meeting people in person. Social awkwardness. Life isn’t a video game. If literally all of your friends only know you through the virtual realm†¦dude you need to get out more. Parties and sports games aren’t the only options in town. Check around, in most colleges on an average weekday TONS of stuff is going down. Get in on some of it. Get out and about! 4. Upon First Meeting Basic people skills are actually super easy. When you first meet someone new face to face, there’s two things you can do and they work literally every single time: practice being a good listener and be genuinely interested in the other person. Skadoosh! Don’t be scared. Don’t be intimidated. Don’t be unnatural. Ask them about the weather, classes, something relevant and then listen. Be interested in them and keep it upbeat. Make first meetings with you refreshing and interesting. And remember, there’s always people watching. We all want to talk to the person that makes people smile and laugh in a classy, not cheesy immature way†¦ 5. Take Leadership Roles Leaders aren’t born okay, they’re slowly crafted. You just got to do it. Success breeds success. If you stumble at first, so what? Whenever a potential leadership role comes up, whether it be in interpersonal relationships or the classroom, give it a go! Leaders meet a ton of people, much more so than followers and it’s not creepy. All you have to do is volunteer and then go with it. Sure, the first couple times it will be intimidating but then you’ll adapt. Now remember, being a leader means leading. It means making a choice when no one else will. Fortune favors the bold! 6. Eat Right Exercise Regularly It’s less about being pretty or sexy (although those don’t necessarily hurt your chances of meeting people) and more about being healthy. If you get ripped or shredded, great! Then it’s all a matter of how you wear it. When you eat right you ensure that your body and central nervous system are working properly. Or at least as well as can be expected. What, you don’t think eating junk food all day is influencing you psychologically? Exercise also helps us stay balanced. And, exercise is a great way to meet people. Joggers. Sports players. Cyclists. Gym rats. The list goes on and on. 7. Approaching that Certain Someone When you’ve got a target you want to meet, don’t be immature! Just walk right the hell up to them and introduce yourself. The longer you take and think about it the creepier you could come across when you finally work up the nerve. Never forget that 80% of human communication is unspoken. The sooner the better, believe me. Now it’s your turn to spit some knowledge. How do you typically end up meeting people in college without any creepy vibes going on?

Drama essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Drama - Essay Example Many women were still constrained in their activities by the wishes of their male relatives, whether the dominant voice belonged to the father, the oldest brother or other guardian figure or the husband. These are the issues explored in Henrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll’s House† through the character of Nora and in Susan Glaspell’s short story â€Å"Trifles.† Comparing these two characters provides insight into the various constraints women had to deal with in their physical setting, their relationships and in their position in society. In both stories, the primary action takes place within the homes of the two female characters involved and each has much to say about the women who are trapped there. Nora’s house is presented in direct reflection of the play’s title. It is a doll’s house, perfectly decorated and arranged for the display of a happy family atmosphere without going to extremes of expense. This can be discerned from Nora’s careful selection of gifts for the upcoming holiday. She tells Torvold, â€Å"they [the gifts] are very plain, but anyway she [Emmy, their little girl] will soon break them in pieces† (Act 1). Gifts for the rest of the household include a new suit for Ivar and dress lengths for the maids, all highly practical and economical. Minnie’s house, in contrast, is introduced as two women and three men, none of them residents, enter into a gloomy farm kitchen. The house is set away from the road and far from the closest neighbor. This does not necessa rily mean the house was a trap for the woman who lived in it, but Mrs. Hale tells Mrs. Peters that she stayed away because the house was gloomy and lonesome. As she mentions this, she reflects that it must have been that much harder for the woman who had to live there. This is made clear in the half-cleaned table, the bread sitting next to rather than inside

Obesity and Responsibility Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Obesity and Responsibility - Lab Report Example Obesity is defined as weight at least 20% in excess of the range suggested in standard height weight tables or a body mass index greater than 27 (Martin 2005).. Every year, child obesity costs 100 million dollars to the government. Poor education and absence of equal opportunities is the main factors limited the equal distribution of economic and social resources. The responsibility of the government can be explained by the fact that it does not introduce strict rules and regulations to control fast food industry and advertising. Most researchers (Anderson et al 2003) parallel child obesity epidemics with economic problems and development and growth of fast food industry which became a distinctive feature of the life style. Fast food life style is dangerous because it results in disbalance of nutrition and causes eating disorders. All fast food contains high cholesterol level which is the primarily cause of obesity. Limited physical activity worsens the problems of obesity. Most fast food restaurants popularize and promote unhealthy eating behavior which leads to obesity problems. Most food proposed in such restaurants is fat saturated with high caloricity level. In spite of advertising efforts to promote health conscious menus or calorie free diet, hamburgers and fried potato are the most "dangerous" products sold by fast food. Social dimens ions are manifested in the ability of mass media to control the circulation of ideas about body image and fashion. The researchers state that: Fast food consumption is the other leading suspect in the childhood obesity epidemic. Fast food typically includes all of the things that nutritionists warn against: "saturated and trans fats, high glycemic index, high energy density, and increasingly, large portion size." They further note that a large fast food meal can contain about 2,200 calories, which at a burn rate of 85-100 calories per mile would require something near a full marathon to expend!" (Anderson et al 2003, p. 30). Thus, children's relation to McDonald's and other forms of popular culture is complex: it is not always oppressive; it is not always empowering. All phases of the relationship must be analyzed in their specificity and uniqueness. In the same manner every aspect of McDonald's does not signal a macro-social dynamic at work; on the other hand, however, many do. Researching the impact of McDonald's on children's attention to the testimonies and actions of specific child customers of McDonald's is certainly necessary, but it is not sufficient in the inquiry needed to tell this story. The government can be blamed for false advertising and lack of strict control over fast food industry. The main social institution responsible for ability problem is a family. Staveren and Dale (2004) underline that today many families have a possibility to buy and eat healthier fat free food in contrast to low-income families which are used to buy lower-price fat saturated food. That is why more blue collars suffer form obesity than white collars. In addition, families with high income usually visit more expensive bars and restaurants where they order fat free dishes, but the popular place for low income people is fast food restaurants. The effect of fast food on risk of obesity is tremendous. It was proved that fast-food habits have strong, positive, and independent associations with weight gain and insulin resistance in young

Jacob Marley Essay Example for Free

Jacob Marley Essay This year the Citizens Theatre, which is a professional theatre, performed the well known pantomime Scrooge. I have been to the Citizens Theatre many times previous to seeing Scrooge. The Citizens Theatre is internationally recognized theatre with a proscenium arch stage and shows a variety of different plays, some very traditional and some very contemporary. As a child I was always amazed by the set and costumes used in the Citzs pantomimes, it seamed that no corners were cut. So with this in mind I expected, not so much of a panto, but more of a theatrical performance with great visuals and I would say I was correct to say this. I am fairly familiar with the pantomime Scrooge adapted from the Charles Dickens book A Christmas Carol as I have seen it in other theatres prior to this year at the Citz. The Citzs, I thought was maybe not as traditional as the other versions but it was equally, if not more so, entertaining. I went to the pantomime twice whilst it was on, first with my peers and then with young children. IT was very interesting to see how they both reacted. The Story of Scrooge is about a man called Ebenezer Scrooge, a wealthy business man full of greed counting every penny entering and parting his pocket. On Christmas Eve he is visited by the ghost of his deceased business partner Jacob Marley, who has come to warn Scrooge of what awaits him if he carries on with his greediness. That evening Scrooge is to be visited by the three ghosts of Christmas past, present and future. Firstly the ghost of Christmas past comes to show him of the happy times before his self-inflicted loneliness caused by his greed, as a child and as a young man. Then the ghost Christmas present shows Scrooge the Cratchit family. The Cratchit family is very poor and consists of Bob Cratchit, Scrooges employee, his wife and their four children including their son Tiny Tim who is extremely ill. Scrooge is forced to realize that all the people around his fine it difficult to speak well of him. The ghost of Christmas future tells scrooge nothing but shows him of his death burdening all the people around him with the greed he left behind as they celebrate his death. Seeing this awful future that he himself could be creating, Scrooge decides to change for the better, rewarding workers with a pay rise and giving money to charity he had previously changed and donating a rich Christmas feast to the Cratchit family. The quality of the set was amazing as it was very grand and the size of the stage meant that the set could be quite big without being pretentious. All around the stage is painted Scrooges favorite phrase Bah Humbug in italic writing. At first there was just an office set up with a window through which you could see all the Characters entering the scene, I thought that this made the action more realistic and was quite interesting. The window was also used for carol singers and the audience could just faintly hear then which made it feel like you were actually in the office. When Scrooge goes home the office wall is raised to reveal a whole new set which is even more spectacular. A set of stone stairs lead up to Scrooges bedroom, luxuriously decorated compared to his office that is on a 15 foot tall platform. The most exciting part of the set was when Christmas present arrives with his set, a whole new room painted red into which he is camouflaged, just rolling on moving Scrooges room away. This room is decorated with lots of Christmas decorations. The one prop used by Scrooge a lot was a light bulb which showed how grudging he was because he would remove it with such care whenever leaving the room. Obviously the main character in the play was Ebenezer scrooge. He was an old, selfish, grumpy, bitter old man. We could tell this by his facial expressions that were always very twisted. Although dressed in a suite his long scraggly hair and unshaven face showed that he wasnt all that concerned with his appearance. This rugged look indicated his age as well as his movement which was hunched over and slow. At the end however we see a very different scrooge that stands up tall with his head in the air to show his confidence has been gained and he is proud of his changes. I think this couldve been shown by making a greater contrast as I didnt think the change in Scrooge was very dramatic. At the end of the play we are made aware that Scrooge does care about the people around him. He may have realized in a selfish manner, but he changed before it was too late which is what matters, leaving us with a fairy tale ending. I think one of the most dramatic characters in the play has to have been Jacob Marley, Scrooges deceased business partner. He appears from the floor when Scrooges light suddenly cuts out. His costume is amazing with a death gown shredded with blood smeared across it to signify that he is dead and has been tortured for his sinful life. Although impressive, Jacob Marleys entrance was quite alarming and younger children found it quite scary, especially along with the chains on his wrists and ankles acting as the chains binding him to hell. Compared the quietness of the room before, this huge explosion of noise is very effective. He comes to warn scrooge and is desperate to get the message to him, we can tell this by the way in which he attempts to get closer to him but the chains stop him, there is also wind blowing against him stopping him making contact with Scrooge.