Paramilitarism Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paramilitarism Project - Essay Example 1997 pp 1-18) The principal known paramilitary law implementation unit goes back to the Roman Empire as ahead of schedule as the year 6 A.D. (Sommerfield 2006) Originally comprised of liberated slaves, the gathering was framed for the sole motivation behind shielding the Roman urban communities from fire, the group’s number and powers developed. In the end free regular citizens joined their positions and this law authorization bunch raised to first class status. (Sommerfield 2006) One hundred years after the fact, policing advanced into a ‘head of state’ work across Europe. Rulers and noble figures regularly delegated agents to look after request. The English Saxons were correspondingly developed. ‘Citizens were separated into bunches frequently called tythings, every one of which was going by a tything man.’ (Sommerfield 2006) The tything bunches were each piece of a bigger gathering that answered to a Shire-reeve from which the word sheriff begins. The Norman feudalism framework saw a further insurgency of the arrangement procedure. The tything man developed into the ward constable who was responsible to the Sheriff who thus advanced into the Justice of the Peace. (Sommerfield) By the seventeenth century policing systems were solidly settled. The police framework fundamentally comprised of watchmen who were selected from among the general populace. They were utilized without remuneration to watch the city entryways and watched the avenues by walking. As times changed, populaces and financial structures developed to a point where this type of policing was not, at this point down to earth. Thus the main advanced police power was framed. This reputation has a place with the London Metropolitan Police. Shaped in 1829, the London Metropolitan Police turned into a model for which numerous district nations, comprehensive of the United States of America would frame their own police power. (Metropolitan Police) Paramilitary policing isn't something that just happened as intended as of late. From the beginning of time, there has consistently been a

Using the Federal Rehabilitation Act 1973 versus Americans with Disabilities Act in court essays

Utilizing the Federal Rehabilitation Act 1973 versus Americans with Disabilities Act in court papers In this occurrence, Lawyer Smart thinks it is improbable that Mr. Ganizer could win a suit against the state funded college being referred to under the Americans with Disabilities Act on the grounds that despite the fact that the provisions of the demonstration expects managers to make sensible obliges to people with clinical handicaps, the person being referred to must have the option to perform the fundamental elements of the activity with or without sensible housing. This means bosses are not committed to employ an individual on the off chance that the individual in question can't play out the abilities expected to do the primary portions of the activity. Besides, the college is an open just as a private foundation, muddling the lawful consequences of the demonstration. Be that as it may, an ongoing change, called Section 508, to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 necessitates that electronic and data innovation created, acquired, kept up, or utilized by the Federal government be available to individuals with inabilities. This is one explanation, other than the way that the college gets government financing, that legal advisor Smart may think there is trust in winning a suite against the college under the Federal Recoveries Act of 1973. In this specific occurrence, no endeavors were made by the enlistment center to make it simpler for Mr. Ganizer to play out his activities essential for the activity using innovation. Given the 1973 law's ongoing change in 1998, all things considered, Mr. Ganizer's suite under the Federal Rehabilitations Act of 1973 will empower legal counselor Smart to pick up compensation for his customer. Initially, Ganizer's directors were made mindful, at an early stage, of his inability. In spite of the fact that Mr. Ganizer put forth a decent confidence attempt to illuminate his bosses regarding his handicap, they don't did anything to make it simpler for him to play out his business to the best of his capacity utilizing educational innovation accessible to the enlistment center. ... <!

Locke’s Human Understanding

1.â€Å"The way indicated how we drop by any information, adequate to demonstrate it not innate† †The characteristic resources that people have since birth are the ones they use to achieve information, however don't have impressions that are inborn to them. The improvement of this information and standard isn't natural in character since they advance after some time. 2.† General consent the incredible argument† †rules that acknowledged by men originated from procedure of theoretical contentions. Accordingly the finish of this is the assent given by men towards the attestation of a specific standard isn't inborn. 3. â€Å"Universal assent demonstrates nothing innate† †given the way that individuals have set up the importance of an assent, along these lines rendering the information itself as not intrinsic. 4.â€Å"What is, is;† and, â€Å"It is unthinkable for something very similar to be, and not to be,† not all around consented to.† †the contention utilized on the discussion on widespread agree to demonstrate natural standard, is in like manner equivalent to invalidating the idea of inborn guideline. 5.â€Å"Not on the brain normally, engraved, on the grounds that not known to youngsters, simpletons, etc† †there things that are not known or conceived normally to kids, in this way those must be acquainted with them, making the information not normally blessed and natural to them. 6.â€Å"If explanation found them, that would not demonstrate them innate.† †however by guarantee of utilization of own explanation, people have found these thinking by widespread consent, rendering the rule or the information as not normally engraved by the human brain. 7.â€Å"It is bogus that reason finds them† †it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to think of inborn information, in light of the fact that through utilization of own reasons, these types of thinking are just derivations from set up speculations and information, in this way making it not any longer unique. Reference 1690 AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING by John Locke. Recovered October 24, 2007 from http://oregonstate.edu/train/phl302/writings/locke/locke1/Book1a.html#Chapter%20I  Â

Family Health and Psychology- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine the Case Study The Management of unnecessary drinking and medication taking on the Family. Answer: Presentation The task manages the contextual analysis of Georg, 42 years of age man having spouse and three kids. The contextual analysis depicts the issue of extreme drinking by George and its effect on his family. In light of the contextual investigation the task diagrams the conclusion of the psychological well-being issue(s)/disorder(s) of the family member(s) as featured for the situation. The finding is made concerning the DSM-V standards. It is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disordersfifth version (DSM-5). It is the most recent variant of the American Psychiatric Associations old-standard content on the names, side effects, and demonstrative highlights of each perceived mental illnessincluding addictions (Clarke et al., 2014). In the paper the basis for each conclusion is likewise given concerning the data given for the situation study. The paper at that point presents the case plan where the specific highlights of the contextual investigation are connected with contempora ry writing. It implies the issue looked by George and his analysis is talked about regarding applicable hypotheses and research in the territory of substance issue. Ultimately, the task presents the treatment objectives and getting ready for George. In view of the general conversation the end is drawn summing up all the focuses. DSM-V Diagnosis According to the given contextual investigation the clinical introduction of George is very steady with the DSM-V meaning of confusion because of substance use. It characterizes the substance use (which for this situation is liquor) issue as tricky example of taking liquor that hinders the day by day life or results in trouble at observable level (Hasin et al., 2013). The highlights referenced by this manual are-an) utilization of more liquor at that point typically arranged, b) substance use bringing about inability to satisfy the significant job commitments, c) needing for substance d) proceeding with the utilization of substance regardless of the physical medical problems. compounding of emotional wellness or mental issues, for example, discouraged state of mind, tension, rest unsettling influence, or power outages e) proceeding with substance use regardless of the weakening of the relationship with others f) surrendering the individual life exercises for the drinking liquor, g) d eveloping resistance to the substance where resulting admission increment in huge sum after some time and h) encountering of withdrawl side effects when not utilizing and may incorporate fractiousness, nervousness, exhaustion, tremor, sickness/regurgitating and seizure. According to the DSM-V models the accompanying side effects ought to be perceptible inside a year (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It very well may be closed from the DSM-V models that George is experiencing Alcohol use issue which is the difficult drinking. It is the interminable cerebrum malady that is portrayed by the loss of command over liquor consumption and an impulsive liquor use. It is likewise portrayed with negative passionate guideline and state when not utilizing (Kopak et al., 2014). George unmistakably showed every one of the highlights of the substance use issue according to the DSM-V standards. George has consistently liked and delighted in social drinking and as of late he has expanded the admission sum. It implies he was taking more than arranged before. He couldn't pull back from drinking in spite of the fact that at house he was hampering his work life. He was sent home from work thinking about that he is inebriated and it seriously meddled with his activity. A significant number of times he has brought in wiped out in the course of recent years. It additionally shows that he was disregarding his physical wellbeing perspective for liquor. His better half concerns that he may lose his employment which demonstrates that he is neglecting to satisfy significant job commitments. It can likewise be viewed as the indication of needing the liquor. He has likewise gotten cautioning from his supervisor on the note that his conduct was unsatisfactory at working envir onment. It demonstrates that he proceeding with substance use in spite of the crumbling of the relationship with others. At working environment, George ruined his relationship with chief. At home he weakened his relationship with relatives that are his significant other and kids. His conduct has gotten disagreeable to a degree his significant other Sandra needed to confine herself from George. A correspondence hole has framed among him and his significant other (Orford, 2005). This conduct shows that George is surrendering individual life exercises for drinking liquor. As of late George remains intellectually upset than previously. He shows visit changes in mind-set with aggravations and impoliteness now and again while staying calm and held at different occasions. It is the indication of expanding mental issues or poor emotional wellness status (Orford, 2005). It tends to be closed from Georges contextual investigation that he is developing resistance to the substance where ensuing admission increments in enormous sum after some time. The regular aggravations and change in disposition can be viewed as a withdrawl side effect. George may have diminished or might be attempting to pull back to spare his activity. In this way, George has met all the DSM-V standards referenced previously. According to the DSM-V models Sandras clinical introduction is very steady with the demonstrative measures for summed up tension issue. The highlights that affirm this issue are: an) over the top nervousness and worried desire b) singular thinking that its hard to control the concern c) uneasiness and stress related with anxiety, peevishness, muscle pressure, rest unsettling influences, weakness and troublesome concentrating (Price van Stolk-Cooke, (2015). Sandra obviously displays a portion of the rules, for example, agonizing over Georges work, and disintegrating relationship with him, and overpowering feeling of dread and misgiving. She is pondering for direction and is discovering hard to control stress as she is living with every day on-going concerns and vulnerabilities that adds to anxiety and eagerness (Orford, 2005). Further, the indications of Sandra, for example, quickened pulse or beating pulse and sickness are steady with two of the DSM models for Panic issue (Asmundson et al., 2014). Be that as it may, a large portion of her indications coordinate with the general nervousness issue than alarm issue. A case definition According to the social learning hypothesis by Albert Bandura, liquor fixation is brought about by the demonstrating conduct of others. People watch other and will in general receive comparable conduct feeling it to be advantageous. An individual will in general model comparable conduct that is liquor consumption if positive outcomes have been found in others (West Brown, 2013). Getting awards for such activities may additionally strengthen enslavement in others and draw in them to such rewards. George appreciates social beverage and his compulsion might be the reason for social learning. Georges dependence and determination can be disclosed regarding the Disease model. This model clarifies the root of fixation exists in an individual (Volkow et al., 2016). The model clarifies that the compulsion doesn't exist on a continuum. An individual with liquor compulsion can't control the carvings. This model can be connected with George, who went to working environment inebriated. He even disregarded his physical and individual commitments for the delight of liquor. According to this model the ailment habit is irreversible. It is the equivalent with George. His liquor utilization is expanding after some time as opposed to diminishing. He needs treatment and deep rooted restraint for fix. As indicated by Sartor et al. (2016), the burdensome scene subsequent to taking liquor is high that is beginning during inebriation and during withdrawal. This can be connected with the state of mind changes and peevishness of George for the situation study. Tolliver and Anton (2015), clarifies this marvel with liquor incited temperament issue. Individuals may take liquor to feel much improved yet it might exacerbate them feel. Generally individuals partner liquor and medication with positive results. Individuals with unnecessary utilization of liquor will in general lose enthusiasm forever and pleasure. It might be the equivalent with George. He may have lost enthusiasm for his wedded life and investing blissful energy with his youngsters and spouse. The continuous change in state of mind is having noteworthy effect on his family life. It is making extraordinary arrangement of misery both George and Sandra. This is a significant rule for analysis of Alcohol prompted burdensome confu sion according to Riper et al. (2014). Be that as it may, if there should be an occurrence of George, burdensome turmoil actuated by liquor isn't recognizable. The psychodynamic model recommends that habit is the self guideline issue. It clarifies the compulsion with youth or early life introduction to unfriendly conditions. Grown-ups with such encounters in early life will neglect to adapt viably withstress and direct their negative feelings. Fixation in such cases might be cautious system to maintain a strategic distance from feebleness. Liquor admission might be because of oral satisfaction. Such people will in general be dependent and are accounted for with nervousness and disposition issue (Flores, 2013). In then given contextual analysis the historical backdrop of George isn't accessible. It might be the situation of early life gives that caused his addictions however might be the reason for social learning. According to the Alcoholics mysterious model those dependent on liquor are genuinely hindered model. They proceed with liquor admission to make up for their insufficiencies. Inferable from the body science, an individual gets dependent on liquor and the pattern of drinking and deficiencies proceed till it becomes fixation (Galanter, 2014). Georges life has gotten unbearable because of liquor be that as it may, it isn't clear in the event that he began this because of deficiencies. In the long run the drinking design gets wild due to withdrawl side effects. This was obvious in the event of George as he was having incessant disposition changes and his liquor admission was likewise found to increment in most recent couple of years. Lander et al. (2013) referenced that drunkard or habit accomplices make negative effect on family life. Al

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 33

Letter #4-November 29, 2006 Dear Pat, Tiffany advises me you are true, and from what she has informed me concerning your new character, it appears as if you are a totally changed man. Regardless of whether this is the aftereffect of the mishap, treatment, medicine, or basically sheer self control, you are to be saluted, in light of the fact that this is no little accomplishment. First permit me to state I suggested Huck Finn for your perusing delight as it were. I was doing whatever it takes not to send you a concealed message. In light of all that you have composed and what Tiffany has let me know †perhaps you should peruse The Catcher in the Rye. It's about a little youngster named Holden who makes some hard memories adapting to the real world. Holden needs to live in a youth world for a mind-blowing remainder, which makes him an excellent and fascinating character, however one who experiences difficulty discovering his place in reality. At present, it appears just as you are making some hard memories managing reality. Some portion of me thrills at the progressions you have made, in light of the fact that your letters truly present a superior man. In any case, I additionally stress that this perspective you have created is delicate, and might be what saved you in the neural wellbeing office for such a large number of years and is saving you in your fo lks' storm cellar for such huge numbers of months. Eventually you will need to leave the storm cellar, Pat. You will need to find a new line of work and gain cash once more, and afterward you probably won't have the option to be the individual you have been throughout the previous hardly any months. Obviously I recollect Massachusetts. We were so youthful, and the memory is lovely. I'll convey it with me until the end of time. Be that as it may, we WERE CHILDREN, Pat. That was over 10 years back. I'm not the sort of lady who might rest in an economy inn any longer. Possibly you have again become the kind of man who might whisk a lady away to Martha's Vineyard. Possibly you are encountering a type of second youth. I don't have the foggiest idea. Be that as it may, I do realize you won't experience a second adolescence with me. I am not a youngster, Pat. I'm a lady who cherishes her present spouse without question. My point when I consented to think of you was never to permit you another opportunity. My objective was not to permit you to reappear my life. I just needed to allow you to bid farewell †to determine any uncertain issues. I need to be clear about this. Nikki

Success Quotes

Success Quotes “You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.” Albert EinsteinSuccess is a state of mind. If you want success, start thinking of yourself as a success. Dr. Brothers“Excellence is not a singular act, but a habit. You are what you repeatedly do.” Shaquille Oneal “The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure.” Sven Goran Eriksson“Success is simple. Do whats right, the right way, at the right time.” Arnold H. Glasgow“Success is focusing the full power of all you are on what you have a burning desire to achieve.” Wilfred Peterson“Limitations live only in our minds. But if we use our imaginations, our possibilities become limitless.” Jamie Paolinetti“People have to really suffer before they can risk doing what they love.” Chuck Palahniuk“Success means having the courage, the determination, and the will to become the person you believe you were meant to be.” George Sheehan“Success is not the key to h appiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful.” Herman Cain“To succeed in life, you need two things: ignorance and confidence.” Mark Twain“Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you havent planted.” David Bly“To succeed you need to find something to hold on to, something to motivate you, something to inspire you.” Tony Dorsett“Every success is built on the ability to do better than good enough.”“There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.” Colin Powell“Lifes real failure is when you do not realize how close you were to success when you gave up.”“Success is largely a matter of holding on after others have let go.”“Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it.”“The best way to succeed in this world is to act on the advice you give to others.”Do you know a good success quote? Pleas e add a comment!

The Book That has Infuenced Me Most - 550 Words

The Book That has Infuenced Me Most (Essay Sample) Content: The Book That Has Influenced Me Most Name Institution The Book That Has Influenced Me Most I was in high school about twenty years ago when I started reading my favorite book, How to win friends and influence people by Dale Carnegie, which has prominently shaped many aspects of my life. My interest was captured by this book as I started reading it not knowing that it was to play such an immense role in my life. The first publication of How to win friends and influence people was issued in 1936 and went on to be named nineteenth in the top100 books of all-time list by Time Magazine (â€Å"How to win friends and influence people in the digital age,† 2011). There are many valuable lessons which this book has taught me that have considerably impacted my relationship with many of my associates. For instance, it is by applying the simple but enlightening lessons outlined in this book that I was able to handle my classmates at school, so much s o that I was chosen as the class representative in my first year in college and later as the student body president. Carnegie (1937) emphasizes several techniques necessary for proper handling of people including avoiding criticism, appreciating honestly and arousing in others an eager want to achieve something. He asserts that when people are humiliated they usually become irresponsive, defensive, and they dislike the critic. On the other hand, they will work at their best potential when sincerely appreciated (Carnegie, 1937). Additionally, this book became handy to me after graduating from college. As a graduate trainee, I was able to make many friends quickly who not only assisted me in learning relevant skills that I needed to develop my career but also gave me the recommendation that availed me my first job. Carnegie illustrates twelve ways one can win people to his way of thinking which I have learned to apply while relating to my colleagues at work. Lessons like showing respe ct to other people’s opinions, admitting quickly and emphatically when you are wrong, letting others talk more than you, dramatizing your ideas and throwing down a challenge to motivate people have immensely helped me in relating with my workmates (Carnegie & Pell, 1998). The simple but practical counsels I have acquired from reading this book have also shaped the way I relate to my family members. A section entitled seven rules for making your home life happier was included in the 1936 edition of this book but omitted from the revised 1981 edition (Carnegie, 1937). This section emphasizes that to make a happy family one should pay little attentions, avoid criticizing and nagging, be courteous and learn to give honest appreciation. These lessons have not only benefitted me but also many of my fr...

Invisible Distrimination in The Yellow Wallpaper by...

Did you know that discrimination can take many forms from race, gender, religion and sexuality and that â€Å"40% of Canadian workers experience bullying on a weekly basis† (Canadian Bullying Statistics)? One of the biggest example of discrimination is female oppression. Even today, women are perceived and shaped generally as fragile and caring. During the 1900’s, and many years before, women were oppressed; some were even hospitalized for wanting to expand their knowledge. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman, and the author herself, are great examples regarding the oppression of women by a patriarchal power structure during the 1900’s. Throughout the story, Gilman exemplifies the social struggle against male domination that woman faced through her personal experience, the characters in her story and the wallpaper as a symbol of the male authority. The story is scattered with metaphors and allegories pertaining to the issue of female oppression and can be s een in the actions of the narrator and her husband in the story. During the story, the narrator is pressured by her husband and the doctors about her nervous condition, and agreed to the treatment, because that is what her husband would want. Gilman uses many typical characteristics of a woman in her story; innocent, loyal and obedient to her husband. Like many historical disputes of women writing, her husband bans her from writing, and even diagnoses her as ill to stop the writing. Phrases in the story also link

10 Fascinating Praying Mantis Facts

The word mantis comes from the Greek mantikos, for soothsayer or prophet. Indeed, these insects do seem spiritual, especially when their forelegs are clasped together as if theyre in prayer. Learn more about these mysterious insects with these 10 fascinating facts about praying mantids. 1. Most Praying Mantids Live in the Tropics Of approximately 2,000 species of mantids described to date, almost all are tropical creatures. Just 18 native species are known from the entire North American continent. About 80% of all members of the order Mantodea belong to a single family, the Mantidae. 2. The Mantids We See Most Often in the U.S. Are Exotic Species Youre more likely to find an introduced mantid species than you are to find a native praying mantis. The Chinese mantis (Tenodera aridifolia) was introduced near Philadelphia, PA about 80 years ago. This large mantid can measure up to 100 mm in length.  The European mantid, Mantis religiosa, is pale green and about half the size of the Chinese mantid. European mantids were introduced near Rochester, NY nearly a century ago. Both the Chinese and European mantids are common in the northeastern U.S. today. 3. Mantids Can Turn Their Heads a Full 180 Degrees Try to sneak up on a praying mantis, and you may be startled when it looks over its shoulder at you. No other insect can do so. Praying mantids have a flexible joint between the head and prothorax that enables them to swivel their heads. This ability, along with their rather humanoid faces and long, grasping forelegs, endears them to even the most entomophobic people among us. 4. Mantids Are Closely Related to Cockroaches and Termites These three seemingly different insects – mantids, termites, and cockroaches – are believed to descend from a common ancestor. In fact, some entomologists group these insects in a superorder (Dictyoptera), due to their close evolutionary relationships. 5. Praying Mantids Overwinter as Eggs in Temperate Regions The female praying mantis deposits her eggs on a twig or stem in the fall ​and then protects them with a Styrofoam-like substance she secretes from her body. This forms a protective egg case, or ootheca, in which her offspring will develop over the winter. Mantid egg cases are easy to spot in the winter when leaves have fallen from shrubs and trees. But be forewarned! If you bring an overwintering ootheca into your warm home, you may find your house teeming with tiny mantids. 6. Female Mantids Sometimes Eat Their Mates Yes, its true, female praying mantids do cannibalize their sex partners. In some instances, shell even behead the poor chap before theyve consummated their relationship. As it turns out, a male mantid is an even better lover when his brain, which controls inhibition, is detached from his abdominal ganglion, which controls the actual act of copulation. But most instances of sexual suicide in mantids occur in the confines of a laboratory setting. In the wild, scientists believe the male partner gets munched on less than 30% of the time. 7. Mantids Use Specialized Front Legs to Capture Prey The praying mantis is so named because when waiting for prey, it holds its front legs in an upright position as if they are folded in prayer. Dont be fooled by its angelic pose, however, because the mantid is a deadly predator. If a bee or fly happens to land within its reach, the praying mantis will extend its arms with lightning quick speed, and grab the hapless insect. Sharp spines line the mantids raptorial forelegs, enabling it to grasp the prey tightly as it eats. Some larger mantids catch and eat lizards, frogs, and even birds. Who says bugs are at the bottom of the food chain?! The praying mantis would better be called the preying mantis. 8. Mantids Are Relatively Young Compared to Other Ancient Insects The earliest fossil mantids date from the Cretaceous Period and are between 146-66 million years old. These primitive mantid specimens lack certain traits found in the mantids that live today. They dont have the elongate pronotum, or extended neck, of modern-day mantids and they lack spines on their forelegs. 9. Praying Mantids Are Not Necessarily Beneficial Insects Praying mantids can and will consume lots of other invertebrates in your garden, so theyre often considered beneficial predators. Its important to note, however, that mantids dont discriminate between good bugs and bad bugs when looking for meals. A praying mantis is just as likely to eat a native bee thats pollinating your plants as it is to eat a caterpillar pest. Garden supply companies often sell the egg cases of Chinese mantids, touting them as a biological control for your garden, but these predators may do as much harm as good in the end. 10. Mantids Have Two Eyes, but Only One Ear A praying mantis has two large, compound eyes that work together to help it decipher visual cues. But strangely, the praying mantis has just a single ear, located on the underside of its belly, just forward of its hind legs. This means the mantid cannot discriminate the direction of a sound, nor its frequency. What it can do is detect ultrasound, or sound produced by echolocating bats. Studies have shown that praying mantids are quite good at evading bats. A mantis in flight will essentially stop, drop, and roll in midair, dive bombing away from the hungry predator. Not all mantids have an ear, and those that dont are typically flightless, so they dont have to flee flying predators like bats.

American Revolution Battles of Lexington and Concord

The Battles of Lexington Concord were fought on April 19, 1775, and were the opening actions of the American Revolution (1775-1783). Following several years of rising tensions that included the occupation of Boston by British troops, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts, the military governor of Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage, began moving to secure the colonys military supplies to keep them from the Patriot militias. A veteran of the French and Indian War, Gages actions received official sanction on April 14, 1775, when orders arrived from the Secretary of State, the Earl of Dartmouth, commanding him to disarm the rebellious militias and to arrest key colonial leaders. This was fueled by Parliaments belief that a state of rebellion existed and the fact that large parts of the colony were under the effective control of the extralegal Massachusetts Provincial Congress. This body, with John Hancock as its president, had formed in late 1774 after Gage dissolved the provincial assembly.  Believing the militias to be hoarding supplies at Concord, Gage made plans for part of his force to march and occupy the town. British Preparations On April 16, Gage sent a scouting party out of the city towards Concord. While this patrol gathered intelligence, it also alerted the colonials that the British were planning to move against them. Aware of Gages orders from Dartmouth, many key colonial figures, such as Hancock and Samuel Adams, left Boston to seek safety in the country. Two days after the initial patrol, another 20 men led by Major Edward Mitchell of the 5th Regiment of Foot departed Boston and scouted the countryside for Patriot messengers as well as asked about the location of Hancock and Adams. The activities of Mitchells party further raised colonial suspicions.   In addition to sending out the patrol, Gage ordered Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to prepare a 700-man force to sortie from the city. His mission directed him to proceed to Concord and seize and destroy all Artillery, Ammunition, Provisions, Tents, Small Arms, and all Military Stores whatever. But you will take care that the Soldiers do not plunder the Inhabitants, or hurt private property. Despite Gages efforts to keep the mission a secret, including forbidding Smith to read his orders until departing the city, the colonists had long been aware of the British interest in Concord and word of the British raid quickly spread. Armies Commanders American Colonists John Parker (Lexington)James Barrett (Concord)William HeathJohn Buttrickrising to 4,000 men by days end British Lieutenant Colonel Francis SmithMajor John PitcairnHugh, Earl Percy700 men, reinforced by 1,000 men The Colonial Response As a result, many of the supplies at Concord had been removed to other towns. Around 9:00-10:00 that night, Patriot leader Dr. Joseph Warren informed Paul Revere and William Dawes that the British would be embarking that night for Cambridge and the road to Lexington and Concord. Slipping out of the city by different routes, Revere and Dawes made their famous ride west to warn that the British were approaching. In Lexington, Captain John Parker mustered the towns militia and had them fall into ranks on the town green with orders not to fire unless fired upon. In Boston, Smiths force assembled by the water at the western edge of the Common. As little provision had been made for planning the amphibious aspects of the operation, confusion soon ensued at the waterfront. Despite this delay, the British were able to cross to Cambridge in tightly packed naval barges where they landed at the Phipps Farm. Coming ashore through waist-deep water, the column paused to resupply before starting their march towards Concord around 2:00 AM. First Shots Around sunrise, Smiths advance force, led by Major John Pitcairn, arrived in Lexington. Riding forward, Pitcairn demanded the militia to disperse and lay down their arms. Parker partially complied and ordered his men to go home, but to retain their muskets. As the militia began to move, a shot rang out from an unknown source. This led to an exchange of fire which saw Pitcairns horse hit twice. Charging forward the British drove the militia from the green. When the smoke cleared, eight of the militia were dead and another ten wounded. One British soldier was injured in the exchange. Concord Departing Lexington, the British pushed on towards Concord. Outside of the town, the Concord militia, unsure of what had transpired at Lexington, fell back through the town and took up a position on a hill across the North Bridge. Smiths men occupied the town and broke into detachments to search for the colonial munitions. As the British began their work, the Concord militia, led by Colonel James Barrett, was reinforced as other towns militias arrived on the scene. While Smiths men found little in the way of munitions, they did locate and disable three cannon and burned several gun carriages. Seeing the smoke from the fire, Barrett and his men moved closer to the bridge and saw around 90-95 British troops fall back across the river. Advancing with 400 men, they were engaged by the British. Firing across the river, Barretts men forced them to flee back towards Concord. Unwilling to initiate further action, Barrett held his men back as Smith consolidated his forces for the march back to Boston. After a brief lunch, Smith ordered his troops to move out around noon. Throughout the morning, word of the fighting had spread, and colonial militias began racing to the area. Bloody Road to Boston Aware that his situation was deteriorating, Smith deployed flankers around his column to protect against colonial attacks as they marched. About a mile from Concord, the first in a series of militia attacks began at Meriams Corner. This was followed by another at Brooks Hill. After passing through Lincoln, Smiths troops were attacked at the Bloody Angle by 200 men from Bedford and Lincoln. Firing from behind tree and fences, they were joined by other militiamen who took up positions across the road, catching the British in a crossfire. As the column neared Lexington, they were ambushed by Captain Parkers men. Seeking revenge for the mornings fight, they waited until Smith was in view before firing. Tired and bloodied from their march, the British were pleased to find reinforcements, under Hugh, Earl Percy, waiting for them in Lexington. After allowing Smiths men to rest, Percy resumed the withdrawal to Boston around 3:30. On the colonial side, the overall command had been assumed by Brigadier General William Heath. Seeking to inflict maximum casualties, Heath endeavored to keep the British surrounded with a loose ring of militia for the remainder of the march. In this fashion, the militia poured fire into the British ranks, while avoiding major confrontations, until the column reached the safety of Charlestown. Aftermath In the days fighting, the Massachusetts militia lost 50 killed, 39 wounded, and 5 missing. For the British, the long march cost them 73 killed, 173 wounded, and 26 missing. The fighting at Lexington and Concord proved to be the opening battles of the American Revolution. Rushing to Boston, the Massachusetts militia was soon joined by troops from other colonies ultimately forming a force of around 20,000. Laying siege to Boston, they fought the Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775, and finally took the city after Henry Knox arrived with the guns of Fort Ticonderoga in March 1776.

News, In Many Forms, Describes Events And Relays Information

News, in many forms, describes events and relays information to those who are interested or uniformed. Television programs, newspapers, online articles are a few forms of media that have become easily assessable. Mainstream media can also include Facebook, Twitter and other online social media sources. The main focus of this paper will be on The Akron Beacon Journal, the 10 o’clock Channel 8 news, and online news sources. In all three forms of media, the most popularized event is the recent shooting of Robert Goodwin Sr. by Steven Stephens. Limited criminal activates were reported, possibly due to the tragic event of the shooting, but the few that were reported will be described and examined. The Akron Beacon Journal from April 17th 2017,†¦show more content†¦Overall, this news program covered crime, sports, weather, family stories, and international politics. Like the newspaper, the news program also showed the Facebook killing and the rise in tension between North K orea and the United States. Unlike the newspaper, the news program reported on a greater amount criminal stories, community events, and a more in-depth look at the weather. The main stories covered were two men being placed behind bars for burglary and robbery in Painesville, a story of an eight year old who caused the death of a one year old, and the â€Å"Facebook Killer† at large. First, the two men who were jailed are located in Lakewood County Jail for their part in a burglary earlier that day in Painesville. The crime resulted in SWAT being called in after a standoff started between the brothers and the police occurred. This standoff ended when the SWAT arrived and captured the armed criminals, few other details were reported on. Next, a brief story covered the death of a one year old caused by an eight year old. The child was described as a victim of abuse and neglect, while at a local daycare. Lastly, the new program reported on the â€Å"Facebook Killer† and his evasion of police in the Cleveland area. This story has dominated the media from newspaper to television, with newspapers only covering the brief relevant information while the news program went into greater detail. The information stated by the news program was more updated than theShow MoreRelatedHow The Signs That Can Be Present Within These Phenomena874 Words   |  4 Pagestelling of a story, it can be fictional or a work of non-fiction, it is a sequence of events that follows either the traditional linear structure, where the story has a beginning, middle and end and is logically sequential; or non-linear structure, where the narrative is disrupted, and doesn’t have a chronological telling of events [Strategies in Visual Narrative]. 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Disruption in Attachment Free Essays

Attachments can often be disrupted between an infant and its primary caregiver and these particular children can find themselves growing up and developing outside the traditional family environment. Thus not forming attachments can have serious impacts on the development of the infant. Disruptions to attachments can take place due to the lack of physical and emotional attachment (Privation) and separation from the primary caregiver. We will write a custom essay sample on Disruption in Attachment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In disruption of attachments there are long-term and short-term effects of separation. In short-term effects of separation, the infants are likely to respond to the separation from their primary attachment figure with a behaviour pattern in three stages; Protest, Despair and Detachment. Robertson and Bowlby investigated the effects of infants separated from their mothers and found that the distress felt by the infants fell into three categories (PDD). Conversely other researchers such as Barrett have argued that the childs initial response to separation is actually the effort to cope with the feelings produced due to separation. Protest is the beginning, when the child starts to cry, scream and protest with rage when the parent leaves them. The infant at this point will try to cling on to the parent and will reject all attempts by others to try and pick them up. Despair, is when the infants anger seems to have calmed down although they may still feel a little upset, the infant will lose interest in the environment around him and will again reject attempts by other people to console the infant. Lastly there is detachment, at this point if the separation has continued the infant will have started to engage with other people but may still seem cautious, they will also reject the caregiver on reunion and engage with signs of anger. The reaction to short-term was shown by Robertson’s in their study of 17 months old John who was placed in a residential nursery for nine days, where he was neither mothered by the nurses nor protected from other children who attacked him, eventually he became very distressed and at reunion with his mother he rejected her. A few long-term effect of separation are; separation anxiety, extreme clinginess (the child will try their best to stay with the primary caregiver as much as possible, wherever they may go), detachment (the child will refuse any physical love such as being hugged, this may be to prevent the primary caregiver from leaving next time), the child will also be more demanding of their attachment figure. On the other hand not all children respond the same ay to separation, some infants may become more stressed or less distressed than others, factors that affect the child’s response are: the age of the child, the type of attachment they share with their primary caregiver, the gender of the child, with whom the child is left with and the quality of care they receive, the infants experience of previous separations. Schaffer and Callender studied the behaviour of 76 babies aged between 3 and 51 weeks of age. Their findings where that the seven months showed little clinging and upsetting behaviour however between 12 and 18 months of age the strength of the infants response had increased primarily due to the fact that they may have developed the idea that their primary attachment figure always returns. A securely attached child has a higher chance of coping with separation than an insecure-ambivalent type. Lastly, boys seem to react more strongly to separation than girls. A small number of children experience privation, which is the lack of any attachment at all in their early childhood development. The two types of studies carried out in order to inform us about the severe effects of privation are; case studies of infants who have been brought up in very bad conditions where they were also unable to form any attachments, and the studies of children who have been raised in institutionalised care. Koluchova reported a case study of twin boys who were born in Czechoslovakia and brought up in care soon after their mother had died and their father and step-mother had inhumanely treated them, they were severely malnourished, when they were discovered they had no speech and they were also beaten and starved in an unheated cellar away from human activity, this caused them extreme health conditions. They were later adopted by two sisters and gained average intelligence, they attended a mainstream school and there early damage had been repaired with no cognitive issues. Case studies can raise a major ethical issue of making the children who were involved feel as if they were just part of a psychological experiment and were used merely as objects of research, later on in life. Case studies may not always appear accurate, because digging up the past of the participants and concluding from case study research may not always be accurate. However in natural experiment this issue is overcome foe example: Tizard and Hodges study of the long-term effects of emotional privation. Institutionalisation refers to the various behavioural patterns of children who have been raised in institutions, orphanages and children’s care homes. Tizard and Hodges carried out a natural experiment where 65 children were brought up in a children’s home until they were four. For this period of time the children and staff were prohibited from forming attachments with one another, only so the children would not get upset if the person left. Due to the lack of attachment the children did not show fear of strangers, they ran to any adult that entered and cried when they left. This behaviour pattern is known as a disinhibited attachment. When the babies were restored, adopted or remained in the children’s home they were given (participants, teachers, peers, parents etc. ) assessments to complete via questionnaires or interviews. Tizard and Hodges found that the adopted group formed stronger bonds with their parents than the restored infants. This may have been because the restored children felt neglected. The restored children also had worse relationship with their siblings. Nonetheless, all three groups formed very weak peer to peer relationships. The study uses a range of research methods to collect information which is very beneficial for a final conclusion. One major disadvantage of a longitudinal study is the problem of participant attrition, and this was also a problem for Tizard and Hodges research. Ethical issues involved high sensitivity when it came to family relationships and the researchers had to make sure they were extremely cautious during the follow up interviews. They also had to make sure that the participants were in no pressure to continue with the research. In spite of the severe effects of institutionalisation and privation, if infants are removed at six months such as the Romanian orphans (Rutter et al study) tend to make better developmental progress. Children are able to recover from these only if they are placed under a loving and caring environment after institutionalisation/ privation and they need an opportunity to form a strong bond with an adult who provides them with sufficient attention. 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An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Internet Banking

Question: Analyse the strengths and weaknesses of Internet banking. Answer: Research Title: An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Internet banking. The aim of the study will be to find out the advantages and challenges faced in the use of internet banking by users. Research Model In order to collect the information about internet banking use from the previous research works, a literature review will be conducted for the research work (Saunders et al 2009). In this section, the report of the previous research works will be analyzed. In the area of data collection, both of the primary and secondary data will be collected. In order to collect the primary data, the sample population will consist of users of internet banking. The secondary data will be collected from peer reviewed journal articles, research reports and annual reports of some selected banks providing internet banking facilities (Harrison and Reilly, 2011). Survey Questionnaires: Survey questionnaires will be designed with some simple closed ended questions about the use of internet banking. The questions will be formed to find out the reason behind choosing internet banking by the users. The respondents will be asked to answer about the potential advantages they are getting from the use of internet banking. They will be also asked about the challenges they are facing in this area. The survey will be conducted through an online platform. The questionnaires will be distributed to the respondents via email. They will answer the questions and send the questionnaires through e-mail. Secondary Research: The secondary research of the research work will collect qualitative data from the research reports and peer reviewed journals available in the area of use of internet banking. Some popular banks which are providing internet banking facilities to their customers will be selected as the sample population for secondary data collection (Klassenet al. 2012). The annual reports of the banks will be analyzed for understanding as to how they are getting advantages of internet banking and what are the challenges they are facing in their business while using internet banking. Key issues in e-banking strengths and weaknesses: the case of two Jordanian banks. Citation: Shannak, R.O., 2013. Key issues in e-banking strengths and weaknesses: the case of two Jordanian banks.European Scientific Journal,9(7). Research Question: What are strengths and weaknesses of the internet banking faced by the two selected banks? Methodology: This research was an explanatory research work. It was conducted by focusing on different topics of internet banking found by different researchers. The topics were analyzed from different angles on order to find out the pros and cons of internet banking. The information about internet banking concepts and different types of advantages and disadvantages were collected from the research reports of different countries, but the main data of this research study was collected from the internet banking industry of Jordan. The data collection methods used in the research study included interview, questionnaires and the review of previous literatures. Interviews were conducted with executives of local banks and survey questionnaires were used to collect feedbacks of internet banking among users. Findings: The findings of the research report is indicating that most of the internet banking users of the two case banks have preferred this service as very good from the aspect of the time and efficiency. The time and effort needed for the bank account handling in the internet banking is less than the manual banking works. The bank perspective was also considered in this research study and it has been found that the banks are also getting a lot of advantages in the area of handling the bank transactions. As per the findings of this research study, almost 70% of the internet banking users preferred this as a good banking service. The transactions of the internet banking are easy to copy, transfer or store than the paper based transactions. While conducting the paper based transactions, only two parties can be involved in the transaction, but in the case of online transactions, many parties can be involved in one transaction. Internet banking is associated with some government rules and regulations. The banks have to maintain the legislations for internet banking of the country in which they are working. As per the research findings, the main challenge of internet banking is the phishing sites and hackers. Critical Analysis: The research work was conducted in the context of two Jordanian banks which are using internet banking transactions. The true facts about the use of internet banking were found in this research work. After analyzing the report of this research work, it can be concluded that the common people are getting a lot of extra facilities with the use of internet banking. The banks are also getting the scope of easily handling their business in order to achieve a high level of growth in their business. The data handling through the online process is much easier than the manual handling. The scope of corporate work through the use of the internet banking is providing a smoother platform for conducting the banking business (Nasri and Charfeddine 2012). The main challenges faced in this research study are the government legislations and hackers. The online banking business has some special legislation and the banks have to maintain these. The whole area of the internet is affected by the hackers. Internet banking has a high risk of unauthentic transactions via the phishing sites and hackers. Many internet banking users have faced the problem of hacking of online bank accounts and then stealing their money from their bank accounts through unauthentic transactions. systematic review ofInternet bankingadoption Citation: Hanafizadeh, P., Keating, B.W. and Khedmatgozar, H.R., 2014. A systematic review of Internet banking adoption.Telematics and informatics,31(3), pp.492-510. Research Question: What are the causes of adopting internet banking services by the users and what are the advantages they are getting from the use of the internet banking? Methodology: It was a descriptive research work and the previous peer reviewed journal articles were analyzed for completing the research work. The online libraries were used for searching the previous research papers. 187 peer reviewed journals were searched for the research study. After analyzing the topics of the searched journals, 165 journal articles were chosen for conducting the research study. The finding and analysis of the research work were analyzed for finding the answer of the research question of this research study. The different components of internet banking and the different types of services provided by internet banking were investigated in this research work. Findings: As per the findings of the research work, the use of internet banking has increased at a high rate. The technology has grown to an advanced level in the past few years and these have given a lot of advantages in the use of the internet banking services. The perceived risks of internet banking have also reduced to a lower level with the use of new innovative protection tools of information technology. The growth of the business of internet banking industry has been analyzed from the year of 1999 to 2012. It has been found that the growth of this industry has increased rapidly and the growth per year has also increased. The growth of internet users has also been analyzed in this research paper and it has been found that the number of general internet users has also increased in the past few years. This is also a big reason for the growth of internet banking users. Critical Analysis: The business of the internet banking industry is totally dependent on the use of innovative technologies in information technology. The area of information technology is facing new technical advantages day by day. This is the main cause of the rapid growth of internet banking business. The customers are obtaining better advantages from the usage internet banking through new technical development. This is affecting the customer satisfaction rate positively in the area of the internet banking use. One of the major challenges of using internet banking is the proper awareness about internet handling. The findings of this research has shown that the number of internet users have increased to a higher level. This is indicating that the internet facilities are becoming easier for the normal people. The availability of internet is one of the major causes for high growth of internet banking use by normal people. The awareness about the advantages and security issues are also increasing and influencing the growth of the internet banking industry. The high rate of growth of internet banking as found in the research paper is indicating that this industry will be able to continue the rate of growth in the future as well (Martins et al. 2014). Customers perception on usage of internet banking Citation: Srivastava, R.K., 2007. Customer's perception on usage of internet banking.Innovative Marketing,3(4), pp.66-72. Research Question: What the customers or the users of the internet banking are thinking about regarding internet banking? Methodology: The methodology used in this research work was the qualitative research work. Questionnaires were used for collecting the data about the perception of target population. The pilot testing was used for deep understanding of the data collected from the survey questionnaires. In order to identify the target population of the research work, the screening was done before distributing the questionnaires. The screening was conducted to identify the people using the internet facilities. The target sample population of the research work was 665 customers using internet banking. The researchers were able to collect the feed backs of 500 customers among the targeted 665 customers. Findings: The findings of the research study state that even though bank customers are using internet banking, a high percentage of them are not satisfied with the services of internet banking. The main problem behind the dissatisfaction of customers is the lack of trust in internet banking. According to this research report, the customers of internet banking are using the services for some advantages such as time and consistency, but they are not happy with the service charges of the schemes. Critical Analysis: In this research work, the common challenge of internet using has been identified. The challenge is the limited security of online accounts. Most of the respondents of this research report have mentioned that they are not able to fully trust the internet banking services. This happens due to internet hackers. In the past few years, many examples of online account hacking and money stealing have been found. These are also affecting the customers (Kesharwani and Singh Bisht 2012). The people of the present world have become very busy so time is the most important component of their lives. Therefore, the reduced number of transactions through internet banking has become the most important advantage. The customers are using the services for the potential advantages but the banks are charging very high charges for internet banking facilities. This is an important factor for client dissatisfaction in the area of internet banking. It can be said that the internet banking sector can face huge level growth in the near future if the banks will be able to reduce the service charges for the online transactions through internet banking. Internet banking loyalty: evaluating the role of trust, satisfaction, perceived risk and frequency of use Citation: Aldas-Manzano, J., Ruiz-Mafe, C., Sanz-Blas, S. and Lassala-Navarr, C., 2011. Internet banking loyalty: evaluating the role of trust, satisfaction, perceived risk and frequency of use.The Service Industries Journal,31(7), pp.1165-1190. Research Question: What components of the internet banking affect customer loyalty and satisfaction and what are the potential risks of internet banking use? Methodology: Survey method was used in the research work for collecting the data. The research was conducted by gathering feedbacks from 20 customers of internet banking and 20 financial experts who are working in the area of the internet banking. The survey was conducted through the online platform. Online survey questionnaires were developed with some close ended questions. The respondents were able to give their responses by clicking on the radio buttons against the answers to the questions. Same questionnaire was used for collecting the feedbacks of the respondents and after collecting the data, statistical analysis of the data was done in order to find out the outcomes of the research study. Findings: According to the findings of the research study, the main cause of using the services of the internet banking was to avoid the queue at the bank. Through the use of internet banking, the users are able to complete banking related tasks with a click from anywhere at any time. In this research study, the common problem of internet banking was found again. The problem is about security risks. It has been found that due to the high risk regarding safety of online bank accounts, the frequency of using this service is low. As per the data collected from financial experts, the psychology of common people about security issues of internet banking is affecting customer loyalty and satisfaction rate. They are saying that the security risks have been reduced to a lower level at the present time but the people are still in fear of these issues for the psychological trends. Fear of security issues can be decreased by increasing the use of the services. Critical Analysis: The findings of this research study are also indicating the time effectiveness of the internet banking. Conducting the banking operations by going to the branch is too hectic and the time management for these works is also difficult for the busy people of the present world. These are the main reasons behind customer loyalty of the internet banking sector. The same risk is identified in this research paper i.e., about the security issues (Yousafzai and Yani-de-Soriano 2012). The customers are not satisfied by the services of internet banking and the frequency of using the services is hampered due to security issues. The environment is not as the same as before, but is more developed with a much better platform for internet banking use. Even though the banks are using stricter security components for resisting unauthentic transactions or account hacking issues, the customers are still feeling unsafe due to the fear of a less secure platform. This can be avoided with the increased use of internet banking facilities. In the area of success rate of hackers, an important fact is the unawareness about appropriate handling of the online bank accounts. This can be minimized by proper use of online accounts and some safety measures taken from the users end (Zavarehet al. 2012). he determinants of satisfaction with e-banking Citation: Libana-Cabanillas, F., Munoz-Leiva, F. and Rejn-Guardia, F., 2013.The determinants of satisfaction with e-banking.Industrial Management Data Systems,113(5), pp.750-767. Research Question: What is the effective way of providing effective level of customer satisfaction in internet banking sector? Methodology: In order collect the information about the different components of internet banking, the review of the past research works conducted in this area was done. The data were collected from this area of only one bank. Due to the research limitation, the researchers took only one bank as the sample population for this research work. Data were collected by conducting survey among the users of internet banking facilities of the selected bank. The sample size of the population selected for the survey of research work was not very small. The sample population of customers was 946. Among the total population, 634 were male customers and the remaining 314 customers were female customers of the bank, using the internet banking facilities provided by the bank. The survey was conducted in an online manner and the data was analyzed using the tools of statistical analysis. The data analysis has been completed with the help of some hypothesis developed at the initial level of the research work. The hy potheses were compared with the collected data from the review papers. Each of the hypotheses was tested for the validity and for achieving the conclusion of the research study. Findings: As per the findings of the research study, the accessibility of the information from internet banking has increased the ease of use of the service. The accessibility and the usefulness of the e-banking facilities are the reasons for increased trust and satisfaction among customers. According to the hypothesis of the research work, the ease of use, customer satisfaction, usefulness and trust are interconnected. The findings of the research study indicating the hypotheses are true. The research study has identified the fact that the frequent use of internet banking facilities and the advance tools of this banking strategy has given a lot of advantages to customers. The customer satisfaction rate among the customers of the bank taken for the research is very high. The trust and satisfaction rate of the customers are dependent on the perceived risks of using internet banking. Critical Analysis: The advance technical platform of the internet banking is providing high level of advantages to the customers. The same challenge of internet banking has been found again in the research report. The challenge is about the perceived risks of online money transaction. Use of the internet baking has increased to a very high level but the customers are still in the fear of reduced security issues. The customer satisfaction rate is dependent on the amount of the perceived risks of online account handling (Zhu and Chen 2012). The customer satisfaction is also dependent on the management of the bank which is providing the facilities of online banking. The satisfaction rates of customers from all banks are not same. The bank selected for this research work has a high level of customer satisfaction. The risk regarding online money transaction and online account hacking can be minimized by taking positive steps towards management of the bank such as developing more secure network for the internet banking and use of the advanced software for protecting the hacking and viruses (Chiou and Shen 2012). Conclusion: The details of the proposed research model and the key ideas behind the research work have been discussed in this report. The drafts literature review has been developed for finding the different types of use of the internet banking and the potential advantages and disadvantages of this service. Reports of the previous research works have been used for this purpose. The online library facility and Google scholar have been used for finding the previous research report. The literature review has helped a lot to understand the use of internet banking. After completing this literature review, it can be concluded that the most important advantage of the internet banking is the faster access regardless the place and time and the most important challenge is the internet threads and hackers. However, further study of this research work may open some new facts regarding the use of the internet banking. Reference: Akturan, U. and Tezcan, N., 2012. Mobile banking adoption of the youth market: Perceptions and intentions.Marketing Intelligence Planning,30(4), pp.444-459. Aldas-Manzano, J., Ruiz-Mafe, C., Sanz-Blas, S. and Lassala-Navarr, C., 2011. Internet banking loyalty: evaluating the role of trust, satisfaction, perceived risk and frequency of use.The Service Industries Journal,31(7), pp.1165-1190. Al-Jabri, I.M. and Sohail, M.S., 2012. Mobile banking adoption: Application of diffusion of innovation theory.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,13(4), pp.379-391. Cetorelli, N. and Goldberg, L.S., 2012. Banking globalization and monetary transmission.The Journal of Finance,67(5), pp.1811-1843. Chiou, J.S. and Shen, C.C., 2012. The antecedents of online financial service adoption: the impact of physical banking services on Internet banking acceptance.Behaviour Information Technology,31(9), pp.859-871.

American Culture

American Culture-Teenage Pregnancy Essay In recent years, teenage pregnancy has been labeled a major issue amongst teens that it can be known as an Epidemic. Is teenage pregnancy directly responsible for a host of societys ills? Increasing teenage pregnancy rate translates directly into increasing rates of school failure, early behavioral problems, drug abuse, child abuse, depression, and crimes. Many social problems can be directly attributed to the poor choices of teenage girls. The talk shows today are flooded by episodes dealing with teen pregnancies. The teenage rate in the United States declined in 1993 and 1994. Unfortunately, the number of birth decreased only to older teens, ages 18 and 19. Babies born to teens younger than 17 actually increased, reflecting a growing population of younger girls who are what we now euphemistically call sexually active. The number of girls aged 14-17 will increase by more than a million between 1996 and 2005. Increasing numbers of children born to children are likely to repeat the devastating cycles of almost everything bad-teenage pregnancy, school failures, early behavioral problems, drug abuse, child abuse, depression and crime. Has anyone ever heard of a child who is happy because he does not know his father? Being a child of a single mother is a handicap, regardless of the wealth, maturity, or social status of that mother. Growing up as the child of a single parent is linked with lower levels of academic achievement (have to repeat grades in school or receiving lower marks and class standings); increased levels of depression; stress and aggression; a decrease in some indicated for physical health; higher incidences of needing services of mental health professionals; and other emotional and behavioral problems. All these effects are linked with lifetime in poverty, poor achievement, and susceptibility to suicide, likelihood of committing crimes and being arrested, and other issues. When children grow, some tend to live through the society their parents grew, obtaining their social setting, culture, a way of thinking. If troubled kids had babies in their teens, then their child will grow up in the same troubled path their parents were in, its like a cycle. The parents still only teach them what they know, and if they were taught to steal, fight or whatever their lifestyle seems to be, their child will grow up to have the same standard of living and the same mentality as their folks. Teen-age sex is dangerous not only for a young persons health but the health of our society because trouble is reproducing trouble. Teenage hormones seek gratification, this may become addicting; they sort of become sexual predators. Many cultural influences remind these young people of teenage sexuality. Proscribing sexual activity for teens has gone to the personal liberation and media-saturated sex desire. Billboards, commercials, magazines, everywhere you look, sexuality is expressed. Watching a beer commercial has become one of the targets for sexuality because almost all these commercials has a half naked woman trying to seduce a man into drinking their label of beer. Another concern regarding teenage pregnancy is coercion. In California, more than 70,000 babies were born to teenage mothers in 1993, are now charging men in their 20s who get underage girls pregnant with either statutory rape or lewd sexual activity with a minor. The Urban Institutes states that three-quarters of the girls under the age of 14 who are sexually active say they were forced by their first partner to have sex relations. Media attention focuses a lot on teenage pregnancy casting the unmarried teenage mothers as the source of many societys ills. Illegitimacy is an important social problem, I believe more than crime, drugs, poverty, illiteracy, welfare, or homelessness. The reason why is because unwed parents are the main drive for all of these other social problems that are due to the illegitimate parenthood. The unstable parenthood of a child affects these young ones because society tells us we need both a mother and a father and their children living in a happy home. When illegitimate children see other children have this parental bond in other kids, they know, that is whats missing in their lives. .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 , .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .postImageUrl , .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 , .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068:hover , .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068:visited , .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068:active { border:0!important; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068:active , .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068 .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u925f013b10a87f1ea6d9d54629c74068:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Federalism In Political Culture Essay The child may think to itself as abnormal. This will take a strain on them and may subconsciously become problematic to themselves .

Uzbekistans History, Economic and Culture

Uzbekistan is a country in central Asia which boarders Kazakhstan in the northern side, Kyrgyzstan in the eastern side and Tajikistan in the southern eastern side. During the 4th century B.C it was under the Persian rule that had been conquered by Alexander the Great.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Uzbekistan’s History, Economic and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The region incorporated Islam as a religion in 8th century when the Arab forces invaded the land. Around the 13th century the region was taken over by the Mongols from the Seljuk Turks. The 16th century saw the region been merged with their neighbors but was not to last for long as the region broke into principalities (Adams 19). However, the city-states, which included khanates, Kokand and Bukhara were not to last for long as the Russians conquered them in the 19th century. In 1924, the territory was a republic but it is in 19 25 that it became an independent under socialist republic. However, in 1991 the country declared its independence making September 1st their national holiday. The country today enjoys independence with a presidential rule. Economically, the people of Uzbekistan are agriculturalist, however, the country is endowed with many minerals. Cotton has been their main produce but has recently been replaced by natural gas. The other minerals that the Uzbekistan people are involved with are gold and uranium. The country has recently grown to be a manufacturing country, especially in the automobiles industrial where they are a big exporter to Russian market. The state has always been in control of most business enterprises, but in the recent past free market has been endorsed (Oliker 46). It is not easy to determine the growth rate of the country because the government keeps unreliable records. However, it is notable much of the wealth of the country is held by the elite in the society with alm ost a quarter of the population living below the poverty line. The government has been instrumental in preventing the country from facing capital outflow by ensuring that the country adopts the policy of substitution of their imports. The actions of the government to control economic activities have even made convertibility of different currencies of the world. The low economy has transformed to some of the individuals in the country getting involved to human trafficking business. The business usually involves girls, as they are traffics to other countries as prostitutes (BoÄ ­kova 181). Amongst the people of Uzbekistan, the elders are the most respected people in the society. They have a mode of greetings where the men put their hands on the heart of other men when greeting them, while women usually put their right hands on each other’s elbow. The mode of dressing especially to women was such that they were to cover their bodies with their heads looking down to avoid any at tention. The people of Uzbekistan are mostly Muslims with a small percentage of people enjoying other religions like Buddhist and Jewish.Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditionally, matters of marriage were left to the man and the women but the approval of the parent was important. Virginity among the women was upheld and women were expected to be married much earlier than the men. Bride price had to be paid by the family of the man, and the cost incurred in the marriage ceremony was covered by the family of the wife (Hanks 83). There were defined duties of both men and women. While men were expected to work outside, the house women were expected to work indoors engaging in activities like weaving and spinning using cotton. Women were expected to cover the whole of their bodies when in public and they viewed it as observance of their faith (Adams 17). Traditional medicine was also incorporated in their treatment where herbs were used for treatment. There was also a taboo of drinking cold drinks since it was viewed as the reason why people caught cold. Arts performance that dated back during the soviet rule is still practiced. They include the crafts work as well as miniature painting. However, the practice of their music by the instruments they used in past is still in practice. Dotars that were put on the legs, flutes, and small drums are still used in the performance of their art. Unlike other countries in central Asia, Uzbekistan has adhered to the principle of legal stability. The constitution gives rights to the people to own private property and it views it as a way of giving self-respect to the people as well as a way of developing the society. Solid constitutional bases have been laid down through the years to promote and upgrade political and social relations. Economic freedom of the citizens has been highly promoted as well as the spirit of entrepreneurship with an aim of eliminating the repugnant old command-administrative system. The country has also incorporated a legal and organization environment where the society of Uzbekistan integrates with the world. Uzbekistan has adopted an open door policy that grants foreign investors reliable regal guarantee and broad economic opportunities in the economic activities. The environment for foreign investors has continually been improved as well as simplification of the procedures that are involved in creation of manufacturing enterprise for foreigners (Karimov 172). Regulatory acts created by Uzbekistan have had a comprehensive system of taxation and incentive against poetical and commercial risk for the foreigners. In turn, there has been active participation by foreign investors in this country. Some of their favorable policies to the foreigners are: freedom of buying property that the state has already privatized as well as ownership rights to these properties. Enterpri ses owned by foreigners are allowed to export without licenses as well to import duty free property from joint ventures (Karimov 173).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Uzbekistan’s History, Economic and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic relations between Uzbekistan and the United States have mostly been controlled by the bi-literal trade agreement signed by the two countries. The agreement was signed in 1994 and one of the benefits the agreements had to Uzbekistan was that it had an exemption provision to many of the United States importing tariffs. In the year 2000, the two countries signed a bilateral investment treaty but it did not come into force because of the weak economic reforms in Uzbekistan. In terms of imports and exports, Uzbekistan imports machines and equipment. Also inclusive in the list of the imports are chemical products and food items, especially the ones that d eal in plastics. The exports to the United States include inorganic chemistry products machines and equipment (Group Taylor Francis 2548). American companies have also been involved in investing in Uzbekistan economy in establishment of technological base in both agriculture and mining sectors. Infrastructure and food processing are also other sectors of the economy where American companies have actively involved themselves in. The American company General Motors has also established a strong link with the government of Uzbekistan and collaborated in manufacturing of cars. It is also notable that Uzbekistan is the biggest export of uranium in United States (Zhukov 213). The relation between United States and Uzbekistan can be traced back to 1991 when Uzbekistan was established as an independent nation. The following year saw the establishment of Uzbekistan embassy in United States. From that time, as part of the U.S policy, campaigns have been launched to support Uzbekistan upheld the rule of law. The relationship between the two countries increased after September 11 attacks, which led to the war in Afghanistan. However, the closeness between the two countries went a drift when United States requested the international community to get involved in investigating the Andijon violence of 2005. The reason behind sourness in the relations on was because Uzbekistan did not want involvement of United States or other European powers in influencing the government activities. However, year 2007 saw the two countries improving the relationship among them (Thackrah 240).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The relations were all round as they included security issues civil issues as well as economic issues. It is also an attempt by the United States to ensure that there is peace in central Asia since Uzbekistan is the country with the biggest population and the most instrumental in keeping stability. The new relation between the two countries has since to improve to the best as in the United States assistance budget there was a provision that seeks to ensure better livelihood for the people of Uzbekistan (Group Taylor Francis 554). The relationship between the two countries has also promoted the level of education in Uzbekistan as many students from Uzbekistan have studied in American universities. Works Cited Adams, Laura L. â€Å"The Spectacular State: Culture and National Identity in Uzbekistan.† Durham: Duke University Press , 2010. Print BoÄ ­kova Elena Vladimirovna, R. B. Rybakov. â€Å"Kinship in the Altaic world: proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altais tic Conference, Moscow 10-15 July, 2005.† Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag , 2006. Print Group, Taylor Francis. â€Å"Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2004, Volume 4.† Lndon: Routledge , 2003. Print Group, Taylor Francis. â€Å"Europa World Year Book 2, Book 2.† London: Taylor Francis, 2004. Print Hanks, Reuel R. â€Å"Central Asia: a global studies handbook.† Califonia: ABC-CLIO, 2005. Print Karimov, I. A. â€Å"Uzbekistan on the threshold of the twenty-first century: challenges to stability and progress.† New York: Palgrave Macmillan , 1998. Print Oliker Olga, Thomas S. Szayna. â€Å"Faultlines of conflict in Central Asia and the south Caucasus: implications for the U.S. Army, Issue 1598.† Califonia: Rand Corporation, 2003. Print Thackrah, John Richard. â€Å"Dictionary of terrorism.† New York: Routledge , 2004. Print Zhukov, Boris Z. Rumer Stanislav Viï ¸  aï ¸ ¡cheslavovich. â€Å"Central Asia: the challenges of ind ependence.† New York: M.E. Sharpe , 1998. Print This research paper on Uzbekistan’s History, Economic and Culture was written and submitted by user Silver Gorilla to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Lydia Pinkham Was an Inventor and Marketer

Lydia Pinkham Was an Inventor and Marketer Only a woman can understand a womans ills.- Lydia Pinkham Lydia Pinkham was an inventor and marketer of famous patent medicine Lydia E. Pinkhams Vegetable Compound, one of the most successful products ever marketed specifically for women. Because her name and picture were on the label of the product, she became one of the best-known women in America. Occupation: inventor, marketer, entrepreneur, business managerDates: February 9, 1819 - May 17, 1883Also known as: Lydia Estes, Lydia Estes Pinkham Lydia Pinkham Early Life Lydia Pinkham was born Lydia Estes. Her father was William Estes, a wealthy farmer, and shoemaker in Lynn, Massachusetts, who managed to become wealthy from real estate investments. Her mother was Williams second wife, Rebecca Chase. Educated at home and later at Lynn Academy, Lydia worked as a teacher from 1835 to 1843. The Estes family opposed slavery, and Lydia knew many of the early abolitionist activists, including Lydia Maria Child, Frederick Douglass, Sarah Grimkà ©, Angelina Grimkà ©, and William Lloyd Garrison. Douglass was a lifelong friend of Lydia. Lydia herself became involved, joining, with her friend Abby Kelley Foster the Lynn Female Anti-Slavery Society, and she was secretary of the Freemans Society. She also became involved in womens rights. Religiously, the Estes family members were Quakers but left the local meeting over a conflict around slavery. Rebecca Estes and then the rest of the family became Universalists, also influenced by the Swedenborgians and spiritualists. Marriage Lydia married widower Isaac Pinkham in 1843. He brought a five-year-old daughter into the marriage. Together they had five more children; the second son died in infancy. Isaac Pinkham was involved in real estate but never did very well. The family struggled financially. Lydias role was primarily as the typical wife and mother of Victorian middle-class ideals. Then, in the Panic of 1873, Isaac lost his money, was sued for nonpayment of debts, and generally fell apart and was unable to work. A son, Daniel, lost his grocery store to the collapse. By 1875, the family was nearly destitute. Lydia E. Pinkham Vegetable Compound Lydia Pinkham had become a follower of nutrition reformers like Sylvester Graham (of the graham cracker) and Samuel Thomson. She brewed a home remedy made of roots and herbs, and including 18% to 19% alcohol as solvent and preservative. She had shared this freely with family members and neighbors for about ten years. According to one legend, the original formula came to the family through a man for whom Isaac Pinkham had paid a debt of $25. In desperation over their financial circumstances, Lydia Pinkham decided to market the compound. They registered a trademark for Lydia E. Pinkhams Vegetable Compound and copyrighted a label which after 1879 included Lydias grandmotherly picture at the suggestion of the Pinkham son, Daniel. She patented the formula in 1876. Son William, who had no outstanding debts, was named the legal owner of the company. Lydia brewed the compound in their kitchen until 1878 when it was moved into a new building next door. She personally wrote many of the advertisements for it, focusing on female complaints which included a variety of ailments including menstrual cramps, vaginal discharge, and other menstrual irregularities. The label originally and assertively claimed A Sure Cure for PROLAPSIS UTERI or Falling of the Womb, and all FEMALE WEAKNESSES, including Leucorrhea, Painful Menstruation, Inflammation, and Ulceration of the Womb, Irregularities, Floodings, etc. Many women were unwilling to consult physicians for their female difficulties. Physicians of the time often prescribed surgery and other unsafe procedures for such problems. This might include applying leeches to the cervix or vagina. Those supporting that eras alternative medicine often turned to home or commercial remedies such as Lydia Pinkhams. The competition included Dr. Pierces Favorite Prescription and Wine of Cardui. Growing Business Selling the compound was at core a family enterprise, even as it grew. The Pinkham sons distributed ads and even sold the medicine door to door around New England and New York. Isaac folded pamphlets. They used handbills, postcards, pamphlets, and advertisements, beginning with the Boston newspapers. The Boston advertisement brought in orders from wholesalers. A major patent medicine broker, Charles N. Crittenden, began to distribute the product, increasing its distribution to nationwide. Advertising was aggressive. The ads targeted women directly, on the assumption that women understood their own problems best. An advantage that the Pinkhams emphasized was that Lydias medicine was created by a woman, and the advertisements stressed endorsements by women as well as by druggists. The label gave the impression of the medicine being homemade even though it was commercially produced. Ads often were designed to look like news stories, usually with some painful situation that could have been alleviated by the use of the compound. By 1881, the company began marketing the compound not only as a tonic  but also as pills and lozenges. Pinkhams goals went beyond commercial; her correspondence including advice on health and physical exercise. She believed in her compound as an alternative to standard medical treatment, and she wanted to counter the idea that women were weak. Advertising to Women One feature of the advertisements of Pinkhams remedy was an open and frank discussion of womens health issues. For a time, Pinkham added a douche to the offerings of the company; women often used it as contraception, but because it was marketed for hygienic purposes, it was not targeted for prosecution under the Comstock Law. The advertising prominently featured Lydia Pinkhams image and promoted her as a brand. Ads called Lydia Pinkham the Saviour of her Sex. The ads also urged women to let doctors alone and called the compound A medicine for women. Invented by a woman. Prepared by a woman. The advertisements offered a way to write to Mrs. Pinkham and many did. Lydia Pinkhams responsibility in the business also included answering the many letters received. Temperance and the Vegetable Compound Lydia Pinkham was an active supporter of temperance. Despite that, her compound included 19% alcohol. How did she justify that? She claimed that the alcohol was necessary to suspend and preserve the herbal ingredients, and so she did not find its use incompatible with her temperance views. Using alcohol for medicinal purposes was often accepted by those who supported temperance. While there were many stories of women being affected by the alcohol in the compound, it was relatively safe. Other patent medicines of the time included morphine, arsenic, opium or mercury. Death and Continuing Business Daniel, at 32, and William, at 38, the two youngest Pinkham sons, both died in 1881 of tuberculosis (consumption). Lydia Pinkham turned to her spiritualism and held seances to try to contact her sons. At that point, the business was formally incorporated. Lydia had a stroke in 1882 and died the next year. Although Lydia Pinkham died in Lynn in 1883 at age 64, her son Charles continued the business. At the time of her death, sales were $300,000 per year; sales continued to grow. There were some conflicts with the companys advertising agent, and then a new agent updated the advertising campaigns. By the 1890s, the compound was the most advertised patent medicine in America. More images showing womens independence began to be used. Ads still used Lydia Pinkhams picture and continued to include invitations to write to Mrs. Pinkham. A daughter-in-law and later staff members at the company answered the correspondence. In 1905, the Ladies Home Journal, which was also campaigning for food and drug safety regulations, accused the company of misrepresenting this correspondence, publishing a photograph of the tombstone of Lydia Pinkham. The company responded that Mrs. Pinkham referred to Jennie Pinkham, the daughter-in-law. In 1922, Lydias daughter, Aroline Pinkham Gove, founded a clinic in Salem, Massachusetts, to serve mothers and children. Sales of the Vegetable Compound peaked in 1925 at $3 million. The business decreased after that point, because of family conflict after Charles death over how to run the business, the effects of the Great Depression and also changing federal regulations, especially the Food and Drug Act, that affected what could be claimed in the advertisements. In 1968, the Pinkham family sold the company, ending their relationship with it, and manufacturing was moved to Puerto Rico. In 1987, Numark Laboratories acquired a  license to the medicine, calling it Lydia Pinkhams Vegetable Compound. It can still be found, for instance as Lydia Pinkham Herbal Tablet Supplement and Lydia Pinkham Herbal Liquid Supplement. Ingredients Ingredients in the original compound: False unicorn root, true unicorn rootBlack cohosh rootLife rootPleurisy rootFenugreek seedAlcohol Newer additions in later versions include: Dandelion rootBlack cohosh root (as in the original)Jamaican dogwoodMotherwortPleurisy root (as in the original)Licorice rootGentian root The Lydia Pinkham Song Responding to the medication and its widespread advertising, a ditty about it became famous  and remained popular well into the 20th century. In 1969, the Irish Rovers included this on an album, and the single made the Top 40 in the United States. The words (like many folk songs) vary; this is a common version: We sing of Lydia PinkhamAnd her love of the human raceHow she sells her Vegetable CompoundAnd the newspapers publish her Face. Papers The Lydia Pinkham papers can be found at Radcliffe College (Cambridge, Massachusetts) at the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library. Books About Lydia Pinkham Elbert Hubbard. Lydia E. Pinkham. 1915.Robert Collyer Washburn. The Life and Times of Lydia E. Pinkham. 1931.Sarah Stage. Female Complaints: Lydia Pinkham and the Business of Womens Medicine. 1979.R. Sobel and D. B. Sicilia. The Entrepreneurs: An American Adventure. 1986. Background, Family Mother: Rebecca ChaseFather: William EstesSiblings: nine older and two younger Marriage, Children Husband: Isaac Pinkham (married September 8, 1843; shoe manufacturer and real estate speculator)Children:Charles Hacker Pinkham (1844)Daniel (died in infancy)Daniel Rogers Pinkham (1848)William Pinkham (1852)Aroline Chase Pinkham ( 1857)